Global Tiger Day and ＂King of Animals＂ Field Patrol： Overpressured

Beijing, July 29 (Reporter Wang Zehua, Wei Wenwen, Guo Wei) According to the Voice of China, China Central Radio and Television Station, the 29th is the 13th Global Tiger Day. Recently, the staff of Muling Bureau of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park once again discovered the clear image of the wild Northeast Tiger "Wandashan No.1" released to nature two years ago through an infrared camera. Its fur is bright and much stronger than before. The staff said that the reason why most of the activity area of this Siberian tiger is in Muling forest area is precisely because there is enough food here and the habitat protection effect is remarkable.

In China, the tiger is known as the "king of beasts", which is at the top of the food chain and occupies an irreplaceable position in the ecosystem. As the only stable habitat and spreading source of wild Northeast Tiger and Leopard in China, the number of wild Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park has increased to more than 50.

Just a few days ago, the staff of Muling Forestry Bureau Co., Ltd. of Longjiang Forest Industry Group met a wild Siberian tiger in the field and witnessed its predation moment. What kind of experience will it be to "encounter" with the "king of beasts" in the wild? Since the establishment of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, how has China protected this rare and endangered wild animal in the world?

"It’s best to meet in a narrow way."

Speaking of last week’s "encounter" with the Northeast Tiger in the wild, Wang Rui, a forest technician of Muling Bureau of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, is still in a state of fear. He recalled that he was originally going up the mountain with his teammates to accept the newly planted Korean pine this year; Although I always see the footprints of the wild Siberian tiger, I never thought that I would witness its predation moment with my own eyes.

Wang Rui said, "The oppressive feeling is unimaginable, and it’s really scary. In front of my right, a black thing fluttered down, which seemed to be a wild boar. I said to my teammates, look, wild boar! Then an orange-yellow thing was saved from the bushes behind, and it was particularly bright and had black patterns, and it jumped out of the bushes at once. I didn’t take it seriously before, because I always said I saw footprints and I didn’t think I could meet them. I have never seen it, and it is so close. "

Wild Siberian tiger photographed by infrared camera (Photo courtesy of Muling Bureau of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park issued by Yangguang. com)

Wang Rui said that at that time, the distance between himself and the Siberian tiger was only about 30 meters, and that feeling was totally different from what he saw on an infrared camera or TV. It was an all-round oppressive feeling from the environment and psychology. After a few seconds of consternation, his first reaction was to run.

Wang Rui said: "At that time, I didn’t react. I wanted to run out of human instinct. My teammates told me that you didn’t pay attention to it. Let’s walk back slowly. Later, we slowly retired and walked down. When it jumped out, I saw the back, not the head, and its sight was not on me; If I saw my head looking at each other and it was still preying, I might not be able to speak here. "

"Wandashan No.1" appeared again.

In addition to witnessing with my own eyes, infrared cameras set up in the wild frequently record the traces of wild Siberian tigers. Recently, Shen Wenlian, a patrol member of Muling Bureau of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, and his teammates are concentrating on the materials taken by infrared cameras; When looking at a camera point in the 107 forest class of Longzhaogou management office, I found a clear image of the wild Siberian tiger "Wandashan No.1" activity again.

Shen Wenlian introduced: "Seeing the Northeast Tiger passing by, it walked very steadily. From its body shape and posture, we initially judged that it was’ Wandashan No.1′. It is a very strong tiger, not very long in body length, and belongs to the’ little fat man’. Later, we sent the video to the Big Cat Center of Northeast Forestry University, and through expert comparison, it was determined to be’ Wandashan No.1′. When Mishan entered the village, he was like a’ hairy boy’. He was reckless and broke the glass, not afraid of people. However, after arriving in Muling, there has been a significant change in body shape, strong, very calm, and very bright coat color. "

The latest image of "Wandashan No.1" taken by Muling Bureau of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park (provided by Muling Bureau of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park)

On April 23, 2021, a 3-year-old male wild Siberian tiger was in trouble. It broke into a village in Mishan City, Heilongjiang Province. In a panic, it injured people and smashed the window. Later, it was successfully rescued and released into the forest in Muling. Named after the discovery site belongs to Wandashan area, it became the first wild Siberian tiger successfully rescued and released in China. Shen Wenlian said that for more than two years, the activity area of this "little fat man" has been near the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park. After going around for thousands of kilometers, he finally chose to settle down in the place where he was released, and he has changed from a "hairy boy" to a "hunting master".

Shen Wenlian said: "It has just been released for about half a year, and it has not adapted to Muling’s environment. At that time, the trajectory was to be close to residential areas and catch sheep to eat. Later, it gradually moved away from the village, and its predation behavior was very mature, belonging to the’ master hunter’. We completely stopped cutting natural forests in 2014. In 2009, this is a national protected area. After protection, the biodiversity is very rich, and the wild boars in Muling Bureau are all in groups. Even sika deer and red deer exist at the same time, not to mention roe deer. I have tracked the footprint chain. I can catch an animal in almost three days in winter, sometimes twice a day, and the food is particularly rich. "

Provide a large-scale and high-quality habitat for the Northeast Tiger.

The Siberian tiger is at the top of the food chain. An adult Siberian tiger lives stably in an area, and it needs 300 to 500 ungulates such as sika deer and wild boar to ensure its survival. Its existence means that the number of animals at all trophic levels in the whole ecosystem is sufficient. Kong Weiyao, an associate researcher of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park Administration, said that the Northeast Tiger is the flagship species of global biodiversity protection. Protecting the Northeast Tiger is not only to protect this species, but also an important measure to maintain biodiversity.

Kong Weiyao said: "In conservation biology, there is a concept called’ umbrella protection species’, which has a very large range of activities and a very diverse ecological environment. Protecting such species is like an umbrella, protecting the whole ecosystem in the covered area. For a species with a large family area like Tiger and Leopard, it is very important to provide a large-scale and high-quality ecological environment, which has largely solved the problem of habitat fragmentation and islanding. "

Muling Forest Area of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park (Photo courtesy of Muling Bureau of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park issued by Yangguang. com)

In recent years, with the continuous strengthening of measures such as clearing mountains and clearing sets, cracking down on indiscriminate hunting and hunting, and comprehensively protecting natural forests and wetlands, the ecological environment and wildlife populations within the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park have been effectively protected. According to statistics, the number of wild Siberian tigers in the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park has reached more than 50, and the forest stock has increased to 223 million cubic meters, completing the transformation from "people entering the tiger to retreating". Kong Weiyao said that the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park has fully integrated the original tiger and leopard protected areas here; The use of scientific and technological means has also enabled the goal of "harmony between man and tiger" to be realized.

Kong Weiyao emphasized: "We use the integrated monitoring system of’ heaven, earth and air’ to carry out 24-hour monitoring and early warning, and release the early warning information of large animals such as tigers, leopards and black bears approaching the village road in real time, so as to reduce the probability of human-tiger conflict; Comprehensive application of vibrating optical fiber, physical fence, remote monitoring, etc., to carry out the pilot construction of human-tiger conflict prevention facilities. National parks are a very important institutional reform in the construction of nature reserves system in China. Before, there were many types of protected areas overlapping and multi-head management in the same area. Building national parks is to solve the cross-regional and cross-departmental management problems and integrate the original 19 protected areas in the park, integrating the original protected areas into a whole, greatly expanding the protected areas. "

Six little tigers made their debut here

In addition to habitat protection, artificial breeding is also an important means to protect Siberian tigers. On the day of Global Tiger Day, six two-and-a-half-month-old Little East Tigers met with the public for the first time in Shenyang Guaipo Tiger Garden, the third largest northeast tiger breeding base in the world. Zhu Qingdong, the person in charge of the Tiger Park, said that it is responsible for providing the country with authentic genetic provenance of Siberian tigers. There are more than 130 pure wild Siberian tigers in the park, of which 13 cubs have been successfully bred this year alone. At present, the field domestication work for high temperature weather in summer is under way, and I hope that one day I can "release tigers to the mountains" and let them survive and multiply in the wild.

Zhu Qingdong said: "In summer, we usually carry out wild training such as predation and swimming. Generally, domestic ducks are used to exercise their swimming ability, running ability, predation ability and viability in the wild. "

Young tigers successfully bred in Shenyang Guaipo Tiger Park this year (Photo courtesy of Yangguang. com)

According to the latest assessment of IUCN Red List of Endangered Species, there are currently 3,726 to 5,578 wild tigers in the world, which is 40% higher than the last assessment in 2015, but still in the "endangered" level. Kong Weiyao said that the tiger’s status in the ecosystem determines its endangered state, and while protecting the tiger, the production and lifestyle of human beings will also change.

Kong Weiyao said: "Because tigers and leopards are top carnivores, they are at the top of the food chain and are easily endangered, and the populations of these two species are indeed in a state of’ not very safe’. Protecting these two species and protecting the authenticity and integrity of forest ecosystem can provide safe ecological guarantee for the whole northeast region and provide high-quality ecological products and services for the public. With the advancement of industrial ecologicalization and ecological industrialization, it can also drive the green transformation of regional economic development and gradually realize the harmonious symbiosis between man and nature. "

Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park (Photo courtesy of Muling Bureau of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park issued by Yangguang. com)