Xinhuanet Beijing, August 25th (Reporter Zhang Chun) The film The Eight Hundred is based on the last battle of the Battle of Songhu in 1937. It tells the story of "eight hundred heroes" defending the four-lane warehouse in Shanghai for four days and four nights. This film is an obsession of director Guan Hu for more than ten years. After many twists and turns, it finally presents a war blockbuster that brings together many outstanding actors such as Wang Qianyuan, Zhang Yi, Jiang Wu, Huang Zhizhong, Oho Ou, Du Chun and Vision Wei.

　　On the battlefield, there is only one Suzhou River between the four-row warehouse and the public concession. In the film, the contrast scene between the north shore of the river and the south shore of the river is truly restored. From the beginning of the film project, the first difficulty faced was how to truly restore the original appearance of the battlefield. Facing this problem, Liang Jing, as a producer, said frankly: "The scene building process has been more than a year, and it really took a lot of energy and time, but now I feel that everything is particularly worthwhile."

　　Whether the scene is true or not is very important for the story to be established. Huang Zhizhong is deeply touched by this: "If an actor wants to establish a strong performance belief, you must first believe in the scene, and you must believe in the costume modeling, which will make you feel substituted, as if you were there, so that you can quickly find the feeling of that year."

　　In the movie The Eight Hundred, the camera is aimed at the soldiers in desperation, showing the audience a picture of all beings on the battlefield. Maybe at first they will be selfish, afraid of death and cowardly … … But in the end, they all overcame their fears, bravely faced life and death, and stepped forward without hesitation.

　　In the film, every soldier has grown up and changed. The youth "Dragon Boat Festival" played by Oho Ou came out of the county with a curious heart and a beautiful idea of just coming out to see Shanghai, but he didn’t expect to step into the war and experience the ultimate growth between life and death for four days and four nights.

　　"The most important thing is that it changed him from a boy to a man. It was four days and four nights, and he experienced the death of his loved ones and the departure of his brothers and sisters, which tortured his heart and led to this growth. " Oho Ou said, "The Dragon Boat Festival wants to do something for this country, which may be insignificant and his ability is limited, but he just wants to do something. Therefore, he can face it bravely. "

　　After years of preparation for the final release of the film, Liang Jing could not help but sigh: "Good things take some twists and turns, and good things are tempered. Everything is the best arrangement." Whether playing the professor’s wife in the film or the real producer, this is "a growing process" for Liang Jing.

　　(From left) Huang Zhizhong, Liang Jing and Oho Ou.

　　Scene: Restore the real scene of the battlefield and let the actors be there.

　　Xinhuanet: From preparation to shooting, the first difficulty The Eight Hundred encountered was not the setting up of the scene?

　　Liang Jing: Yes, in fact, the film took nearly 10 years from the idea to the preparation and shooting. From the time when Guan Hu sprouted in his heart to the time when a small tree finally sprouted, he always wanted to shoot and then find a venue. After the project was established in 2013, it was not until 2015 that this venue was found, because at that time, we thought about how to shoot it for a long time, whether it was in the shed or in the real scene. But the reality is that the real scene can’t be filmed. The four-row warehouse is already a museum. It can’t be blown up or filmed, and it can’t achieve the relationship between the two sides of the river that director Guan Hu finally wants to present. Fortunately, I finally found a piece of land very predestined, and the real scene was built. This scene has been built for one or two years, which means that we started preparations at the end of 2016. It really took a lot of energy and time, but now it is particularly worthwhile.

　　Xinhuanet: How did you feel when you first approached this scene?

　　Huang Zhizhong: When I first saw that scene, it should be in the construction stage. At that time, director Guan Hu invited the actors to the venue in batches. He showed everyone around and told everyone where each scene would take place and how to shoot it. I remember that we were still wearing helmets at that time, and it was still a construction site. That was the first time.

　　Xinhuanet: Was it shocked to enter the market after it was built?

　　Huang Zhizhong: I think if an actor wants to build a strong belief in performance, you must first believe in the scene, and you must believe in the costume modeling, which will make you feel substituted, as if you were there, and you can find the feeling of that year.

　　Xinhuanet: How did you feel when you first entered the arena?

　　Oho Ou: It will be very substitutive. Because my plays are mainly in the warehouse, we went into the warehouse to shoot from the beginning. In fact, not long after shooting, we felt that the whole feeling was relatively depressed. The whole tone, including the whole atmosphere, and everyone’s emotions were all in such an environment. In fact, many times, as long as you concentrate and invest, it is easy to get into that emotion.

　　Liang Jing: The realism brought by this scene is really different from that of shooting in the shed. For example, we also talked that he (Oho Ou) was photographed riding a white horse in the shed, but he could only imagine that there were thousands of horses in front, but if the real shooting could give him (thousands of horses), his performance would be different. So in fact, sometimes actors rely on the surrounding environment, opponents and atmosphere to set off their performances.

　　Character: Four days and four nights, growing up rapidly in the cruel war.

　　Xinhuanet: How do you view the character "Dragon Boat Festival"?

　　Oho Ou: In fact, all his starting point is to follow his uncle and take his younger brother to see what Shanghai really looks like. This is the most basic idea of this character. But I didn’t expect to be accidentally involved in the war, which lasted for 4 days and 4 nights. I think the most important thing is to change him from a boy to a man. It’s just four days and four nights. I think he has experienced a change of mood and mentality that he might never have experienced in his life if he hadn’t gone to Shanghai, but he has to accept it if there is no way. In this process, I experienced the death of my loved ones, and all my brothers and sisters around me were gone. Therefore, this kind of torture to his heart grew very rapidly. I always thought how many things can I experience in four days and four nights? But seeing the Dragon Boat Festival, I think I can really experience something I have never experienced in my life.

　　Xinhuanet: What is the image expression of riding a white horse at the end of the Dragon Boat Festival?

　　Oho Ou: This is actually a dream of "Little Hubei". During the Dragon Boat Festival, I watched what happened to the adults in these days, and then in the eyes of "Little Hubei", I also watched his brother’s changes along the way. In the end, he saw his brother’s brave scene, so when he was dreaming, he dreamed that his brother would become Zhao Zilong, and he was still brave enough to fight against the enemy in the face of hordes.

　　Xinhuanet: The film shows the contrast between the two banks of the river. One side is bustling and the other side is in ruins. How do you interpret the feeling of looking at the other side at the window during the Dragon Boat Festival?

　　Oho Ou: Actually, when we are not filming, we will stand there and watch. When we are in the warehouse here, we look at the opposite side, which is totally different. He almost swam to the other side (Dragon Boat Festival), but he was already very close to it. He could have walked, but he still didn’t. He is just curious about everything. He came to Shanghai just to see the big Shanghai, but he didn’t expect … …

　　Change: Pay tribute to the hero and leave an unyielding monument in the first world war.

　　Xinhuanet: The professor’s wife you played also changed from irrelevant to moved to tears. How do you understand this change?

　　Liang Jing: I talked a lot with the director at that time. In fact, I think this is to explore the true side of human nature. When these people lived in the concession, he didn’t care what happened outside, because he lived very well and comfortably. In fact, there were many such people at that time.

　　But when this kind of event happens in front of our eyes and they are shocked, I believe that everyone will be touched, and this touch will definitely promote his reflection, self-awareness and self-reflection. For example, her husband, who started fighting over there, went home for dinner with soybean milk fritters, just looking back. In the end, when her husband picked up the gun, he actually had feelings. I think the south bank represents the mentality of some real people, but when the brave men across the street finally made some amazing moves, everyone was moved.

　　Xinhuanet: Your "old gourd" came to Shanghai with two children, but he escaped quietly. What do you think of this character?

　　Huang Zhizhong: First of all, he was compiled by peace preservation corps, not a regular army. He was fooled by the county magistrate, thinking that he just wanted to go there and give people a standing ovation. Then when I got there, I saw that it wasn’t like that, and I was scared. Then he found a chance to run away. I think this is an instinctive sense of security. He just wanted to stay in the green hills without fear of burning firewood, but he didn’t expect to be caught by the enemy in the end.

　　Finally, he was tied to that post. At that time, it was actually far away from the Dragon Boat Festival. I think the straight line distance should be at least 500 meters. Then the director said that you should shout hard, and there is hope if you shout out. This is also a blood relationship, let the blood pass on, and want to give the child such a hope.

　　Xinhuanet: When it comes to growth, the Dragon Boat Festival is particularly scared from the first injury, and it is very calm when it really faces death in the end. How can this change be interpreted?

　　Oho Ou: If you want to invest, you have to trust him. In fact, we can’t really shoot for four days and four nights in a row, and there will be stops in the middle, but you must immerse yourself in such an emotion, which is what Director Guan Hu told us. This is a true reflection of your feelings. In fact, it may be just a skin injury, but you feel as if you are going to die, just because this fear will make you like that. But by the end of the Dragon Boat Festival, he had seen through everything and wanted to understand. He just wanted to do something for this country, which may be insignificant and his ability is limited, but he just wanted to do something. Therefore, he can face it bravely.

　　Xinhuanet: What do you want to say most about this film today?

　　Liang Jing: I think as long as it is a good thing, it will take some twists and turns. It may not be a good thing to come out too easily. Let’s have more good things. Everything is the best arrangement, so I think these twists and turns will also make us grow, whether it’s 4 days and 4 nights, 4 years or 40 years or 400 years. I think it’s all a process of growth.

Our province introduced the measures to support and reward excellent film creation, production and communication projects.
The box office exceeds 100 million yuan, and the highest reward is 3 million yuan.

Hainan Daily News   (Reporter   Zhang Wanxian   Trainee reporter   Song Lingyun) Recently, our province issued the Interim Measures for Supporting and Rewarding Excellent Film Creation, Production and Communication Projects in Hainan Province (hereinafter referred to as the "Measures"), offering "real money and silver" to support and reward excellent film creation, production and communication projects, encouraging the creation, production and dissemination of more excellent masterpieces with profound thoughts, exquisite art and excellent production, telling the story of Hainan Free Trade Port well and promoting the prosperity and development of Hainan’s film industry.

The film projects supported and rewarded by the Measures include all kinds of domestic story films, opera films, animated films, documentary films and science and education films (including the above types of Chinese and foreign co-productions).

The objects of support and reward are divided into five categories, namely, film creation projects that are expected to have significant social influence; Representing Hainan in major national literary awards, competitions, film festivals or major international competitions and mainstream film festivals widely recognized by the society sponsored by the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, the State Film Bureau, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and other relevant departments, and film works that are expected to win awards or have won major awards; Projects with Hainan theme and elements as the main creative content, whose works mainly show Hainan’s human history, natural scenery and development achievements, which have great influence and promotion on promoting Hainan’s image and cultural awareness; Movies broadcast in the Central Radio and Television General Station or released and shown in mainstream cinema lines and achieved good box office results and good social benefits; Other special projects not included in the "Measures" shall be supported or rewarded by one-on-one discussion.

The Measures provide nine categories of support policies for film projects, including film creation support, film premiere support, key projects support, domestic box office awards, overseas box office awards, broadcast awards, national awards, international film festivals awards, and other domestic film festivals awards. Among them, the film project that tells the story of Hainan, the works mainly show Hainan’s human history, natural scenery, development achievements and other film projects, and each film will be given a one-time reward of 50,000 yuan with the Film Script (Outline) Filing Receipt (within the validity period) and the script; Complete the filming and get the film release license, and then give a one-time reward of 300 thousand yuan.

Movies listed as key projects of the Central Propaganda Department (State Film Bureau) shall be supported by no more than 3 million yuan each; Films listed as key projects of the Propaganda Department of the Provincial Party Committee (Provincial Film Bureau) shall be supported by no more than 1 million yuan each (both national and provincial key projects shall be supported).

If the box office of films that have been released for the first time through mainstream cinemas and have good social benefits reaches 100 million yuan (inclusive), each film will be given a one-time reward of 500,000 yuan; For every 100 million yuan increase in the box office, the reward will increase by 500,000 yuan, with a maximum of 3 million yuan. The film project was successfully released overseas, and the box office was converted into RMB 10 million yuan (inclusive) at the exchange rate, and each film was rewarded with 500,000 yuan; If the box office reaches 50 million yuan (inclusive), each department will be given a one-time reward of 1 million yuan; If the box office reaches more than 100 million yuan (inclusive), each department will be given a one-time reward of 1.5 million yuan.

Give a one-time reward of 3 million yuan to the film that won the "Five One Project" award in Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China; A one-time award of 1 million yuan will be given to films that have won the China Film Watch Award, the Golden Rooster Award for Chinese films and Hundred Flowers Award.

The "Measures" stipulate that the project supported by film creation is a film and television enterprise with independent legal personality. For other projects that support awards, the applicant must be a unit registered in Hainan Province with independent legal personality.

　　Fair and efficient justice boosts confidence in the rule of law

　　On May 25th, the Third Session of the 13th National People’s Congress heard and considered the work report on the Supreme People’s Court made by President Zhou Qiang of the Supreme People’s Court. The deputies said that since 2019, the people’s courts have closely focused on the goal of "striving to make the people feel fair and just in every judicial case", insisted on serving the overall situation, administering justice for the people and administering justice fairly, faithfully performed the duties entrusted by the Constitution and laws, and promoted new achievements in various tasks, providing powerful judicial services and guarantees for economic and social development.

　　The rule of law escorts high-quality development

　　Since 2019, the people’s courts have unswervingly implemented the new development concept and served the sustained and healthy development of the economy and society. The report pointed out that the rule of law is the best business environment. Courts at all levels concluded 4.537 million commercial cases of first instance. Formulate opinions on the development of high-quality services, issue judicial interpretations of company law and bankruptcy law, issue minutes of civil and commercial trial work meetings, unify the application of laws and the standards of adjudication, and enhance judicial transparency and predictability.

　　Deputy Bing Wang, secretary of the Baishan Municipal Committee of Jilin Province, was deeply touched by this: "Over the past year or so, courts at all levels in Jilin have earnestly performed their judicial functions, promoted the construction of a business environment ruled by law, properly handled a number of major and difficult cases with great social impact and great trial difficulty, and resolved various debts totaling 100 billion yuan. The case of the overall bankruptcy reorganization of Tonghua Iron and Steel Group and its affiliated companies took only 38 days from filing the case to the court ruling approving the reorganization plan. "

　　The report pointed out that the trial of administrative litigation cases related to the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform in accordance with the law supported the supervision of administrative organs to administer according to law, and concluded 284,000 administrative cases of first instance, which boosted the construction of a government ruled by law and optimized the soft environment for development. According to the World Bank’s Business Environment Report for 2020, the ranking of China’s business environment in the world has greatly jumped, among which "the quality of judicial procedures" is leading, and it has been evaluated as "the best practitioner in the world" in this field.

　　Representative Jiang Ming, Chairman of Tianming Group, expressed the hope that the people’s courts would pay more attention to the art of judicature, highlight the judicial temperature and create a "warm environment" for enterprise development with high-quality judicial services. Firmly establish the concept of equal protection, strive to shorten the period of handling cases, reduce the judicial cost of enterprises, strengthen the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation achievements and trial execution, and provide strong judicial guarantee for high-quality economic development.

　　Wisdom court shows its talents

　　Since 2019, the people’s courts have explored a new model of Internet justice and promoted the in-depth application of technologies such as big data and blockchain. The report pointed out that during the epidemic prevention and control period, smart courts "showed their talents", with 1.36 million online cases, 250,000 court sessions, 590,000 mediations, 4.46 million electronic deliveries, 2.66 million online investigations and controls, 63.9 billion yuan in judicial online auctions, and 204.5 billion yuan in execution.

　　"The construction of smart courts is an important starting point and support for promoting the modernization of the trial system and trial capacity. Especially during the epidemic prevention and control period, Shandong courts took the whole process of online office handling as the focus of application, and realized the integrated operation of the court handling office system in the province. It not only facilitates the litigation of the parties, but also promotes the improvement of the quality and effectiveness of the trial. " Deputy Zhang Jiatian, president of the Higher People’s Court of Shandong Province, said that smart courts should pay equal attention to construction and application, and seize the key of application.

　　According to the report, as of April this year, 91.95 million documents have been published by China Judgment Document Network, and 29 million cases and 1.5 billion items of information have been made public by China Trial Process Information Open Network, so that fairness and justice can withstand publicity.

　　"I found in Hangzhou Internet Court that the court promoted judicial openness through information construction and reduced the cost of supervision. At present, all judgment documents are based on the principle of publicity, with the exception of non-publicity; The implementation of online auction in the process of judicial execution has put an end to power rent-seeking. " Deputy Che Jie, vice president of Jiangsu Lawyers Association, said.

　　Deepening reform and improving judicial quality and efficiency

　　Since 2019, the people’s courts have implemented opinions on comprehensively deepening reforms in the political and legal fields, implemented the People’s Jury Law, and expanded the scope of participation in trials. There were 3.407 million cases in which jurors participated in trials nationwide. According to the authorization of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), the pilot reform of civil litigation procedure was carried out in 20 cities in 15 provinces to stimulate judicial efficiency through institutional innovation and meet the diverse, efficient and convenient dispute resolution needs of the masses.

　　Member Liu Hongyu, the founding partner of Beijing Jincheng Tongda Law Firm, believes that in the face of the sustained and rapid growth trend of civil and commercial cases, we can neither take the road of constantly expanding the number of staff, nor take the road of restricting the filing of cases, choosing to file cases, and rejecting the demands of the masses. We must rely on deepening judicial reform and building smart courts to accelerate the modernization of the trial system and trial capacity.

　　According to the report, in 2019, the average court judge handled 228 cases, a year-on-year increase of 13.4%; After the first trial of various cases, the rate of parties’ interest judgment was 89.2%, and it reached 98.2% after the second trial; The total number of letters and visits involving lawsuits and visits to Beijing decreased by 13.3% and 40% respectively. The average trial period of Internet court cases is 42 days, which is 57.1% shorter than the traditional model.

　　Deputy Fang Yan, vice president of Shaanxi Lawyers Association, believes that the people’s courts have improved the trial power operation system of orderly decentralization, scientific distribution of power, standardized use of power and strict restriction of power in the reform, formulated a list of trial power and responsibility, clarified the authority and responsibility of the court president, trial organization and judge, and compacted the trial supervision and management responsibilities of the court president. In the next step, we should strengthen the reform "looking back", consolidate the reform results, conscientiously implement the comprehensive reform opinions on deepening the judicial responsibility system, improve the quality and efficiency of justice, and deepen the reform of complicated and simplified civil procedures.

　　Justice for the people enhances the sense of gain.

　　Since 2019, the people’s courts have adhered to the principle of justice for the people and justice, and maintained social fairness and justice. The report pointed out that the national court litigation service center resolved 8.497 million cases. Smooth the channels of litigation services, never let the masses have nowhere to complain, and never ignore their demands.

　　"Now, when you walk into the litigation service hall, you can handle almost all litigation services except court sessions, such as on-site filing, cross-domain filing, property preservation, litigation and docking, and centralized delivery. At the same time, you can also print and copy for free, which is very thoughtful and warm." Deputy Yu Mei, secretary of the Party branch of Lishuyuan Community in Xincun Street, Zhushan District, Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, said.

　　The report pointed out that crimes of violent injury to doctors were severely punished, and a number of criminals, including Sun Wenbin, who killed doctors in Beijing Civil Aviation General Hospital, were sentenced to death and executed according to law, thus ensuring the safety of medical personnel. In view of the serious threat to people’s safety caused by falling objects from high altitude, judicial policies have been issued to strengthen punishment according to law and source prevention, and a number of cases of throwing objects from high altitude endangering public safety have been tried publicly to protect people’s "safety above their heads."

　　Deputy Wang Shujiang, president of the Higher People’s Court of Sichuan Province, held that the report focused on the hot spots, blocking points and pain points of social concern, and showed the efforts made by the people’s courts to strengthen justice for the people. First, the masses respond to what they care about, properly handle cases such as protecting the rights and interests of heroes and heroes, and strengthen joint punishment for dishonesty. Second, the people will be guaranteed whatever they need. While strengthening the protection of people’s livelihood rights such as civic education, employment, medical care and housing, we will focus on protecting the rights and interests of special groups such as migrant workers, women, children and the elderly, military families and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Third, the masses will push forward whatever they expect, establish a one-stop multi-dispute resolution and litigation service mechanism, promote online filing and cross-domain filing, and effectively enhance the masses’ sense of judicial acquisition.

　　(Reporter Xu Juan, Kou Jiangze, Li Longyi, Liu Xinwu, Xiao Jiaxin, Zhu Dawei)

　　Strictly handling cases according to law and serving the overall situation of development

　　On May 25th, the Third Session of the 13th National People’s Congress heard and considered the work report on the Supreme People’s Procuratorate made by Zhang Jun, the Procurator-General of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. The deputies said that since 2019, the procuratorial organs across the country have consciously performed their procuratorial duties as stipulated by the Constitution and laws, actively participated in and promoted state governance, solidly performed their legal supervision duties, constantly improved their procuratorial performance, and strived to make the people feel fair and just in every judicial case, and all procuratorial work has progressed steadily.

　　Fight the epidemic according to law

　　During the epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19, the national procuratorial organs took the initiative to serve the overall situation and build a legal barrier for epidemic prevention and control. From February to April this year, a total of 3,751 people were arrested and 2,521 people were prosecuted, and 2,829 public interest litigation cases involving masks and other protective materials were handled.

　　The most interesting thing is that since February 11th, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate has issued 10 batches of 55 typical cases with a weekly frequency according to the characteristics of different stages of epidemic prevention and control, providing guidance for procuratorial organs in handling cases, and at the same time sending a clear warning to the public.

　　"This is a pragmatic measure of the procuratorial organ, which embodies the political responsibility, rule of law thinking and procuratorial consciousness of the procuratorial organ focusing on the overall situation of the national center and performing its functions according to law, and highlights social fairness and justice." Committee member Shang Xunwu, vice chairman of the Gansu Provincial Political Consultative Conference and chairman of the Gansu Provincial Committee for Democratic Progressive Party, said that these typical cases have deterred illegal crimes, strengthened the authority of the rule of law, and maintained the epidemic prevention order. "In the event of an emergency, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate issued typical cases in time to guide judicial practice, which played an important role in stabilizing social order and social expectations."

　　Social governance is more efficient.

　　Peace is the basic requirement of people’s happiness and well-being and the basic premise of reform and development. This year’s report on the work of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate focuses on the changes of criminal offences in the 20 years from 1999 to 2019 for the first time, which clearly reflects the main crime trends.

　　The report shows that from 1999 to 2019, serious violent crimes continued to decline, and new types of crimes continued to increase. These changes not only reflect the continuous improvement of social security situation, but also show that social governance has entered a new stage, and the people have new expectations for the connotation of social development.

　　"In the face of these changes, procuratorial organs must profoundly grasp the changing law of criminal offences, change ideas and measures from the height of improving the modernization level of the national governance system and governance capacity, and do a good job in the top-level design of procuratorial duties." Deputy He Hengyang, Procurator-General of Chongqing Municipal People’s Procuratorate, said that procuratorial organs have always insisted on the quality of cases as the lifeline of judicial handling, constantly strengthening their sense of responsibility and improving their judicial ability. "Next, procuratorial organs should put legal supervision throughout the whole process of litigation, strengthen pre-litigation guidance, increase the application of the system of pleading guilty and recognizing punishment, and let the parties feel justice and efficiency to the maximum extent through efficient judicial handling."

　　"As a lawyer, what impressed me the most was the change of procuratorial concept, emphasizing the implementation of the objective and fair position of prosecutors, and clearly stating that prosecutors are both prosecutors of crimes and innocent protectors, which reflects the profound understanding and active practice of the socialist spirit of the rule of law." Deputy Fan Feng, vice president of Jiangxi Lawyers Association and director of Guo Hao Law Firm, said that in 2019, the procuratorate created "Case — The quality and efficiency evaluation standard of "piece ratio" minimizes unnecessary procedural idling, makes fairness and justice better and faster, and embodies the feelings of the rule of law for the people.

　　Service is more powerful.

　　Since 2019, the national procuratorial organs have made solid services to fight three tough battles, and prosecuted 40,178 people for financial fraud and disrupting financial management order, up 25.3% year-on-year; 877 people were prosecuted for "fly greed" in the field of poverty alleviation, and 902 people were prosecuted for malicious unpaid wages; 50,800 people were prosecuted for crimes such as environmental pollution, up 20.4% year-on-year.

　　"Procuratorial organs severely punish ‘ Pseudo-innovation ’ Financial crime is a truly effective way to support financial innovation and avoid the emergence of financial markets ‘ Bad money drives out good money ’ The phenomenon. " Deputy Zheng Yali, the president of zhejiang financial college, said that the Supreme People’s Procuratorate proposed to use the concept of "penetrating" case handling and adopt the method of substantive judgment to prevent criminal acts in the name of "financial innovation" from escaping legal punishment, which has played a very good role. "It is suggested that procuratorial organs effectively use emerging technologies to further improve the technical content of case handling, and at the same time provide more convenient, efficient and reliable channels and methods for safeguarding rights, and handle the relationship between cracking down on crimes and recovering losses."

　　Deputy Fu Xinping, Procurator-General of the People’s Procuratorate of Guizhou Province, said that since 2019, the procuratorial organs of Guizhou Province have actively invested in the main battlefield of poverty alleviation, providing a strong judicial guarantee for Guizhou to win the battle against poverty with high quality: "We have deployed and carried out special work and issued relevant opinions. The procuratorial organs of the province have punished crimes that hinder poverty alleviation according to law, correctly handled various cases related to poverty alleviation according to law, actively resolved social contradictions, and effectively promoted the construction of various environments such as public security environment, ecological environment, business environment and government environment in poverty-stricken areas of Guizhou.

　　The escort economy is more stable.

　　Since 2019, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate has paid equal attention to protecting the rights and interests of enterprises in accordance with the law and promoting law-abiding and compliance management, and has continuously implemented 11 inspection policies for serving the private economy. It has suggested that the case-handling organs should be released on bail pending trial for 1,971 responsible persons of private enterprises who can not continue to be detained according to law, and organized special clean-up of "pending cases" that have been put on hold for a long time, and 2,687 cases have been identified and 1,181 cases have been closed.

　　"The rule of law is the best business environment. Once private enterprises are deeply involved in litigation, normal production and operation will be greatly affected. " Deputy Zhang Xinghai, vice president of China Civil Chamber of Commerce and chairman of Chongqing Xiaokang Industrial Group Co., Ltd., said that the "pending case" that was neither withdrawn nor transferred for review and prosecution, which was shelved for a long time, made private enterprises bear a lot of uncertain litigation risks, and private entrepreneurs involved in the case could not carry out normal production and business activities because the case was inconclusive. "It is suggested that procuratorial organs increase criminal proceedings against private enterprises involved ‘ Hang the case ’ The inventory efforts, focus on tackling the remaining major and difficult ‘ Hang the case ’ Constantly improve and improve the long-term working mechanism and fully escort the healthy development of the private economy. "

　　"Without a good business environment, it is difficult for private enterprises to develop healthily. The Supreme People’s Procuratorate has repeatedly demanded equal protection for private enterprises, and put forward ‘ Those who can not arrest don’t arrest, and those who can not sue don’t sue ’ Efforts should be made to create a good legal environment and escort the development of private enterprises with the rule of law. These measures have stabilized the expectations of private enterprises and made us more confident, confident, innovative, entrepreneurial and striding forward. " Member Wang Qiong, Chairman of COVID-19 Investment Group Co., Ltd. said.

　　(Reporter Peng Bo, Wang Zhiqiu, Zheng Haiou, Qi Zhiming, Meng Xiangfu, Liu Xinwu)

　　On November 16, 1948, the Central Military Commission decided to set up the General Front Committee of Huaihai Front. This is the general front Committee members together. From left: Su Yu, Deng Xiaoping, Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi and Tan Zhenlin.

　　The Huaihai Campaign, which was called the Battle of Xu Bang by the Kuomintang, was the key battle that decided the fate of modern China. Chiang Kai-shek’s defeat in Huaihai was like Napoleon’s defeat in Waterloo. Since then, it has never recovered, and the Chiang family dynasty, which lasted for 22 years, has collapsed. Therefore, Chinese and foreign war history researchers call it "Chiang Kai-shek’s Waterloo".

　　Sadly, Chiang Kai-shek’s high command didn’t make it clear at that time and afterwards, who was their main direct opponent and who was the key person who caused "Chiang Kai-shek’s Waterloo" in the Huaihai War.

　　This man is Su Yu.

　　At that time, Chen Yi, commander and political commissar of the East China Field Army, had been transferred to the Central Plains Military Region and the first deputy commander of the Central Plains Field Army, and Su Yu served as acting commander and political commissar of the East China Field Army. It was he who suggested to the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to hold the Huaihai Campaign and develop it into a strategic decisive battle for the southern line in due course. The troops he commanded accounted for 70% of the PLA’s troops participating in the war, and the annihilation of Kuomintang troops accounted for 80% of the PLA’s total enemy annihilation. He made unique contributions in both strategic decision-making and campaign command.

　　From "Zi Yang Dian" to "Qi Chen Dian", Su Yu successively put forward the strategic concept of developing strategic offensive and holding decisive battle on the southern line and corresponding suggestions

　　The strategic decision of Huaihai Campaign should start with Su Yu’s two "daring to speak out" in 1948.

　　After the Battle of Menglianggu in May 1947, Su Yu summed up both positive and negative experiences, explored the development law of the war of liberation, and gradually formed a strategic concept of changing the battle situation in the Central Plains, developing strategic offensive and winning national victory. He believes that it is an objective law that the People’s Liberation Army’s war of annihilation will develop on a larger scale with the strength of the enemy and the changes in strategy and tactics. After the People’s Liberation Army turned to the strategic offensive, it gained a strategic advantage on the basis of its original political advantage, but it was still at a disadvantage in quantity and technology. The Kuomintang army can still rely on its numerical and technical advantages to organize campaign attacks in local areas. Therefore, there is a stalemate in the battlefield of the Central Plains. The key to changing the situation in the Central Plains and developing the strategic offensive is to concentrate more troops to fight a larger-scale annihilation war. In early December, 1947, he was going to report this strategic concept and corresponding suggestions to the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC), suggesting that measures should be taken in both combat and army building to gain numerical and technical advantages, and that in the battlefield of the Central Plains, the tactics of concentrating forces and dividing them should be adopted, so as to concentrate on big battles. Because his ideas and suggestions are not only related to the overall strategic situation, but also different from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s repeated intention to avoid a big fight, after the telegram was drafted, it was carefully considered for more than 40 days, and it was proved that it was feasible to concentrate troops on a big fight through the practice of the Pinghan Campaign. It was only issued on January 22, 1948, and the wording "Dare to speak frankly" was used. According to the practice of China telegrams, January 22nd is for "child support".Therefore, it is called "Ziyangdian".

　　Su Yu didn’t know at that time that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China had made a strategic decision to divide his troops into the south at the Yangjiagou meeting in December 1947, and decided to draw some troops from the battlefield in the Central Plains to cross the river south and mobilize the main forces of the Kuomintang on the battlefield in the Central Plains to change the situation in the Central Plains and develop a strategic offensive. On January 27th, 1948, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) telegraphed Su Yu, asking him to lead three columns to cross the river and March southward, and carry out a wide-ranging mobile combat mission. The telegram emphatically pointed out: "After you lead three troops across the river, it will inevitably force the enemy to change its deployment and may attract 20 to 30 enemy brigades to defend the south of the Yangtze River." As for the timing, place and method of crossing the river, three schemes are put forward, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages, and Su Yu should "wait until it is ripe".

　　Su Yu believes that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s strategic intention is obviously to further lead the war to the enemy’s far-reaching rear, reverse the situation in the Central Plains and develop a strategic offensive. The question is, from the overall situation of the war and the reality of the Central Plains, is it beneficial to divide our troops and cross the river to the south, or to concentrate our troops on fighting in the Central Plains? In his view, in order to change the war situation in the Central Plains, and then cooperate with other battlefields to completely defeat Chiang Kai-shek, our troops in the Central Plains and East China will have to compete with the Kuomintang army several times, fight several major annihilation wars, and wipe out the main forces of the Kuomintang army as much as possible in the north of the Yangtze River. Judging from the situation of the enemy and ourselves at that time, it was impossible to fight a large-scale annihilation war, but the conditions for fighting a large-scale annihilation war in Huanghuai area of the Central Plains were ripe. There is no doubt that three columns crossing the river to the south will give the enemy considerable shock, threat and containment, but it is difficult to achieve the predetermined strategic attempt, especially the failure to mobilize the four main forces of the Kuomintang on the battlefield in the Central Plains, and at the same time, it will disperse and weaken our troops on the battlefield in the Central Plains. Weighing the pros and cons, Su Yu believes that concentrating forces to fight a big annihilation war in the Huanghuai area of the Central Plains is more conducive to rapidly changing the situation in the Central Plains, developing strategic offensives, and then winning national victory.

　　On April 18th, 1948, Su Yu once again "dared to speak frankly" and suggested to the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) that the three columns of the East China Field Army should not cross the river to advance southward for the time being, but concentrate their forces on fighting several large-scale annihilation wars in the Huanghuai area of the Central Plains. At the same time, it is pointed out that after the first annihilation war, "apart from a camera capturing Jinan, the main force can advance on Xuzhou and join forces with Liu (Bocheng) and Deng (Xiaoping) to seek a second annihilation war."

　　Su Yu’s proposal has attracted the attention of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China leaders such as Mao Zedong. The the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee Conference held from the end of April to the beginning of May, 1948, after listening to Su Yu’s report, decided to adopt his suggestion on the premise that the established strategic policy remained unchanged. The three columns of the East China Field Army did not cross the river to advance southward for the time being, but concentrated their forces on fighting a big annihilation war in the Huanghuai area of the Central Plains.

　　From June 16th to July 6th, 1948, Su Yu organized and commanded the Battle of Eastern Henan, which not only created an unprecedented record of wiping out more than 90,000 enemies, but more importantly, it quickly changed the battle situation in the Central Plains and promoted the development of the national war situation from strategic attack to strategic decisive battle. Practice has proved that there are indeed a large number of necessary and conditions to annihilate the enemy in the Huanghuai area of the Central Plains, and the decision to concentrate troops on fighting a large-scale annihilation war in the Huanghuai area of the Central Plains is correct. Therefore, on the 7th day after the Battle of Eastern Henan, on July 13th, 1948, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adjusted the original strategic deployment again, and instructed: "The millet corps should fight in the field until the spring or summer of next year, annihilating the Fifth Army and the Eighteenth Army, opening the way to the south, and then marching south (not leaving without annihilating the Fifth Army and the Eighteenth Army)." In September 1948, the the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Conference further made it clear: "In the third year, the People’s Liberation Army will still fight in the north of the Yangtze River, east China and northeast China."

　　After the Battle of Eastern Henan, Su Yu’s exploration of the laws of the War of Liberation went one step further, forming a strategic concept of decisive battle on the southern front. He believes that the People’s Liberation Army’s war of annihilation continues to develop on a larger scale, and "it is bound to become a strategic decisive battle with the enemy. To carry out such a large-scale decisive battle, we must consider the opportunity, as well as the battlefield conditions and logistics supply conditions. For the battlefield and logistics supply conditions, I think it is much more beneficial to fight in the north of the Yangtze River than in the south. The decisive battle in the north of the Yangtze River is the most favorable in the Xubang area. " He believes that the victory of the campaign in eastern Henan has achieved a turning point from a strategic attack to a strategic decisive battle. The current problem is how to promote the development of the war situation in the direction of strategic decisive battle. Both the brewing battle in Jinan and the future battle in Xuzhou should be considered in conjunction with the strategic decisive battle in the southern line. Therefore, when the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to make Hua Ye Xu Shiyou and Tan Zhenlin Corps conquer Jinan quickly, so as to ensure that the participating troops in eastern Henan rest, and then cooperate with Hua Ye’s main force to fight a few big battles to "win Xuzhou in winter and spring", Su Yu suggested that Hua Ye’s army rest for a month first, and then "attack Jinan together and Dayuan at the same time". He believes that "as long as Jinan can solve the problem and win the aid, the war situation may move southward rapidly, and the plan to capture Xuzhou this winter seems very likely." On August 23, 1948, it was put forward: "In two months, we can go south along the canal and Jinpu with all our strength, and capture the Huaihe River and Gaobao (Ying) with one regiment, thus creating conditions for the next battle in Xuzhou and the southward crossing of the river."

　　During the battle of Jinan in September, 1948, more than 170,000 people from three regiments of Kuomintang troops assembled in Xuzhou area lingered in front of the positions of Hua Ye’s aid-blocking and rescue forces, and dared not go north to fight Hua Ye. Su Yu believes that this shows that the enemy is avoiding a large-scale battle with our army under unfavorable conditions, and it also shows that the favorable conditions for our army to carry out a strategic decisive battle against the enemy are gradually maturing. Therefore, when the street fighting in Jinan was still fierce, but the victory was assured, it sent a telegram to the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) at 7: 00 on September 24, "It is suggested to carry out the Huaihai Campaign" ("Su Yu Military Anthology", pp. 393-394). After careful consideration, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) replied at 19: 00 on September 25 and agreed with Su Yu’s suggestion: "We think it is very necessary to hold the Huaihai Campaign." (Mao Zedong’s Military Anthology, Vol.5, p.19)

　　The battle of Jinan commanded by Su Yu took only 8 days and 8 nights to conquer Jinan City, wiped out more than 100,000 people on the defensive (including 20,000 insurgents), and won without fighting on the aid battlefield, which achieved the best result envisioned by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and more importantly, opened the prelude to the strategic decisive battle of the Liberation War, prompting the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to further adjust the original strategic deployment. On the eve of the Battle of Jinan, the the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Conference proposed that in five years or so, 500 million troops would be built and 500 regular brigades wiped out, so as to fundamentally overthrow the reactionary Kuomintang rule. After the Battle of Jinan, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China changed his estimation of the war process, taking into account the practical experience from the Eastern Henan Campaign to the Battle of Jinan, Liaoshen Campaign and the development of the national war situation. Mao Zedong pointed out in the inner-party instructions drafted for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: "The victories of our army in September and October, especially in Northeast China and Jinan, have fundamentally changed the situation between the enemy and ourselves." "In early September (before the Battle of Jinan), when Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party built five million troops in five years or so and wiped out 500 regular divisions, it fundamentally overthrew the estimates and tasks of the Kuomintang. Because of the great victory in September and December, it was already backward. The completion of this task will probably take only another year or so. " Therefore, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to launch the Huaihai Campaign and the Pingjin Campaign successively after the Liaoshen Campaign, which accelerated the historical process of the War of Liberation.

　　Before the Huai Hai Campaign was launched, the Central Plains Field Army successively conquered Zhengzhou and Kaifeng, and four columns led by Chen Yi and Deng Xiaoping arrived in Xiaoxian near Xuzhou. Su Yu analyzed the battlefield situation, and thought that the two field armies in East China and the Central Plains would develop from strategically coordinated operations to operationally coordinated operations, and the scale of the Huaihai Campaign was larger than originally envisaged. Only by establishing a unified command system can we unify our guiding ideology, coordinate our operations, and give full play to the overall power of the two field armies. Therefore, in his telegram to the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Chen Yi, Deng Xiaoping, East China Bureau and Central Plains Bureau on October 31, 1948, he suggested: "The scale of this campaign is very large, so please ask Chen Junchang and Deng Zhengwei to take unified command." The Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Chen Yi and Deng Xiaoping replied to each other on November 1st and 2nd. In this way, the unified command of the Huaihai Campaign was successfully solved in less than three days. And Chiang Kai-shek’s high command, from October 22nd, put forward by Bai Chongxi as the director of the Bengbu command post of the Ministry of National Defense, and on November 10th, instructed Du Yuming to Xuzhou as the deputy commander-in-chief of Xuzhou’s "suppression general" and the director of the forward command post. It took nearly 20 days, that is, four days after the launch of the Huaihai Campaign, to barely solve the unified command problem of Xu Mu’s battle.

　　After the Huai Hai Campaign was launched, Su Yu observed and analyzed the national strategic situation, and thought that the conditions for the strategic decisive battle on the southern line were ripe. At that time, the Liaoshen campaign ended on November 2, and the power balance between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party changed fundamentally, and the People’s Liberation Army also gained an advantage in quantity. Su Yu said: "Now that the whole northeast has been liberated, the war of liberation has reached a new turning point. From this perspective, we should consider how to fight the battle and how to give Chiang Kai-shek a decisive blow faster. " On November 8, 1948, in his telegram to the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC), he analyzed the national strategic situation and estimated that Chiang Kai-shek might adopt two policies: "First, with the troops now in Jiangbei, plus the troops retreated from Huludao, continue to deal with me in Jiangbei in order to gain time and strengthen its defense along the Yangtze River, Jiangnan and South China. Second, immediately abandon Xu, Bengbu, Xinyang, Huaibei and other places, withdraw Jiangbei troops along the river, quickly consolidate the river defense, prevent us from crossing the south, and strive for time to organize their troops in order to rule the river with me and take the opportunity to counterattack. " It is believed that if the liberated areas can still give greater support to the war, it will be more beneficial to force the enemy to adopt the first policy. Therefore, it is suggested: "After the annihilation of the Huang (Baitao) Corps in this campaign, we don’t need to attack the Huai River and Huai River with our main force (the main force of the new sea enemy has been withdrawn to the west), but turn to the Xu (Zhou) solid (town) line to attack, keep the enemy in Xuzhou and its surrounding areas, and then weaken and gradually destroy it (or kill Sun Corps or Huang Wei Corps) respectively. At the same time, the main force entered Huainan, cut off the Pu-Bang Railway, disorganized the enemy’s deployment and isolated the enemies of Xu and Bang.Therefore, at the same time as the first stage of the campaign, the Xu-Ben Railway should be destroyed with one unit to delay the enemy’s withdrawal to the south. "This is the famous" Qi Chen Dian ". On November 9, Su Yu reported to the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) that "Liu Zhi has a decisive battle with Xuzhou as the center" and is adjusting its deployment. "It is a good opportunity to wipe out the enemy." The Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) adopted Su Yu’s suggestion and resolutely made a decision to develop the Huaihai Campaign into a strategic decisive battle for the downtown. Mao Zedong’s telegram reply instruction for the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC): "Qi Chen telegraphed. We should try our best to annihilate the enemy’s main force near Xuzhou and not make it flee south. East China, North China and the Central Plains are fully applied to ensure the supply of our army. "

　　Later practice has proved that this is a strategic policy of actively controlling the war situation, striving for initiative and forcing the enemy to submit.

　　Before the Huai Hai Campaign was launched, Chiang Kai-shek’s high command had considered "abandoning Xuzhou and defending the Huaihe River" and adopted the operational policy of "defending the Huaihe River and defending the Huaihe River". However, Hua Ye and Nakano were mistaken for "slow action" and "unknown attempt" and "it is still difficult to determine whether Chen (Yi) and Liu (Bocheng) will work together", so they were indecisive and the plan of "defending the river and defending the Huai River" was not put into practice. At that time, the overall situation of Liaoshen Campaign was decided. Chiang Kai-shek was worried that the defeat of Liaoshen and the retreat of Xuzhou would lead to political instability. Therefore, they were forced to adopt the first policy, and assembled their troops along the Xuzhou and Xubang sections of the railway for offensive defense. In order to keep the 44th Army, Chiang Kai-shek kept Huang Baitao Corps waiting in Xin ‘an Town for two days, which resulted in the encirclement of Huang Baitao Corps. In order to save Huang Baitao Corps, Qiu Qingquan, Li Mi, Sun Yuanliang and other corps were concentrated in Xuzhou area, and Huang Wei, Li Yannian, Liu Ruming and other corps were ordered to reinforce the north. The measures taken by him, along the first possibility envisaged by Su Yu’s "Qi Chen Dian", step by step towards the road of decisive battle in Xuzhou area. People of insight in the Kuomintang think alike on this point. They said, "it is forced to fight near Xuzhou" and "the defeat without a fight is set."

　　Regarding the Huaihai Campaign, historians have said "small Huaihai" and "big Huaihai". It is generally believed that the Huaihai Campaign planned before November 8 is a "small Huaihai" and the Huaihai Campaign planned after November 9 is a "big Huaihai". The telegram of October 11th, 1948 drafted by Mao Zedong for the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was titled "Operational Policy on Huaihai Campaign" when it was included in Selected Works of Mao Zedong. In fact, the implementation of Huaihai Campaign was not exactly this operational policy, but "the general policy of isolating Xu Mu from annihilating Liu Zhi’s main force".

　　The above process shows that Su Yu’s primary contribution to the Huaihai Campaign was to provide strategic ideas and strategic suggestions for the decisive battle in the southern line. From "Ziyangdian" to "Qichendian", in the process of developing from a strategic offensive to a strategic decisive battle, and in the critical period of developing from a "small Huaihai" to a "big Huaihai", Su Yu put forward key suggestions, which played an extremely important role in making correct strategic decisions for the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

　　Su Yu pushed the war situation to a new level in due course, and contributed to the successful realization of the strategic intention of the southern line.

　　Su Yu has a famous saying: "To deal with the enemy, we should not only fight hard, but also fight with wisdom." The characteristics and advantages of his strategic thinking and command art are that he consciously applies materialist dialectics to war guidance, gives full play to people’s subjective initiative on the premise of respecting objective laws, and relies on correct strategic thinking and ingenious command art to defeat the enemy. In the campaign command of the Huaihai Campaign, this feature and advantage were particularly vividly demonstrated.

　　When talking about the characteristics of the Huaihai Campaign, Su Yu said: "Chairman Mao has an incisive summary of the Huaihai Campaign: a pot of raw rice was eaten by you bite by bite. My understanding is that the conditions for the Huaihai Campaign to develop into a strategic decisive battle on the southern front and win were not mature at the beginning. The development of the situation has changed a lot. The Central Military Commission and the General Front Committee assessed the situation, made unified plans, concentrated collective wisdom, correctly guided the whole process of the campaign, gave full play to the subjective initiative, and took advantage of the enemy’s mistakes and finally achieved great victory. "

　　The main objective of the first phase of the Huai Hai Campaign was to annihilate Huang Baitao Corps. Huang Baitao Corps, which has five armies, has the largest number of Kuomintang troops on the Huaihai battlefield, and its fighting capacity is above average. Destroying five enemy armies in one battle is a big and hard battle, and it is also the first battle that has a great influence on the whole campaign. In order to win the first battle, Su Yu carefully planned, made decisive decisions, and worked wonders.

　　In terms of operational deployment, he adopted the strategy of a diversion from the West to the East. Two columns were sent to the southwest of Shandong in advance, and nine columns were used to the east of the canal, mainly to annihilate the Huang Baitao Corps; Six columns and four brigades were used to the west and south of the canal, resulting in the situation that the north and south gathered together Li Mi Corps and attacked Xuzhou, concealing our army’s intentions and confusing the enemy’s deployment. Chiang Kai-shek’s high command and Xuzhou’s "General Suppression" were indeed recruited. At the meeting hosted by Gu Zhutong, the chief of staff, the commanders of various regiments of Xuzhou’s "General Suppression" said that they had found the communists massing face to face. It is judged that Hua Ye troops will go south from southwest Shandong, and will not launch an offensive east of Xuzhou. Therefore, it was decided to abandon Haizhou and Lianyungang, stick to Xuzhou, and gather troops in Xubang section of Jinpu Road for offensive defense. This deployment just provided favorable conditions for the East China Field Army to divide and annihilate Huang Baitao Corps.

　　On the attack timing, Su Yu decided to launch a battle two days in advance according to the change of the battlefield situation. After Gu Zhutong presided over the Xuzhou meeting, the Hua Ye command organization quickly learned about Chiang Kai-shek’s movements by reconnaissance, and judged that the enemy had "concentrated its forces to stick to Xuzhou, Xu Hai and Xubang sections, so as to prevent us from going south to attack and cover up its strengthening of the river defense and the deployment in the rear of the south of the Yangtze River". On November 6, it was discovered that the 44th Kuomintang Army stationed in Haizhou had the trend of withdrawing from Xin ‘an Town to the west and returning to Huang Baitao’s command. The Communist party member He Jifeng and Zhang Kexia, who were hidden in the Feng Zhian Department, "demanded to be more active" in launching the uprising. The development of the situation shows that the launching time of Huaihai Campaign should be sooner rather than later. Su Yu made a decisive decision to advance the launching time of the Huaihai Campaign by two days, that is, from the original night of November 8 to the night of November 6. On November 6 (19: 00-21: 00), while reporting the operational deployment to the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yi and East China Bureau, he ordered the troops to implement it. On November 7th, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) sent a telegram, saying that he "fully agreed with the attack deployment described in Yuxu’s telegram, and hoped that you would resolutely implement it". Later practice proved that this decision disrupted the enemy’s deployment, seized the initiative in the battlefield and caught the enemy off guard. During these two days, the East China Bureau and the Hua Ye Front Committee successfully organized and guided the uprisings in He Jifeng and Zhang Kexia. Hua Ye’s main force quickly passed through the sector of the uprising troops, cutting off the route for Huang Baitao Corps to withdraw from Xuzhou in the west. At the same time, the division and encirclement of Huang Baitao Corps were completed with swift action. The Kuomintang high command and Xuzhou "suppression general" marveled: "I didn’t expect the communists to act so quickly!"Su Yu later said:" If we let Huang Baitao enter Xuzhou four hours later, the battle will not be easy.

　　In terms of operational methods, Su Yu adopted the tactics of "attacking the economy and Dayuan", using six columns to panic in the Huang Baitao Corps and seven columns to stop the enemy reinforced by Xuzhou. In the course of combat, according to the actual situation that Huang Baitao Corps has changed from the enemy stationed in the army to the enemy stationed in the army, and from the enemy stationed in the army to the enemy stationed in the army, the mode of combat should be changed in time. From the mobile warfare to the tough battle in the village position, we dug the traffic trench to the front of the enemy position by the method of close-pressing operation, and then suddenly launched an attack, broke through the enemy’s solid defensive position and wiped out the Huang Baitao Corps. While Qiu Qingquan and Li Mi, two regiments reinforced by Xuzhou, heard the sound of guns from Huang Baitao Corps, but they could not cross the line. When talking about the tactics of the Huai Hai Campaign, Su Yu said: "It is an important experience to attach importance to and master the transformation of combat methods and the tactical and technical changes caused by it in campaign command.". This kind of tactics is also unexpected to the enemy. Du Yuming, the commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang army on the Huaihai battlefield, said: "They (referring to chief of staff Gu Zhutong and others) did not expect that more than half of the PLA troops had taken up the role of blocking and aiding, and were prepared to carry out a strategic decisive battle in the Huaihai Campaign to destroy the Kuomintang army. Of course, I didn’t expect this. "

　　During the first stage of the operation, Su Yu began to create conditions for the next step. On November 7, 1948, one day after the launch of the Huaihai Campaign, he discussed with Chen Shiju, chief of staff of Hua Ye, and Zhang zhen, deputy chief of staff, and thought that it was necessary to isolate Xuzhou and cut off the enemy’s retreat on land no matter how the war situation developed. So he sent three telegrams to the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC), East China Bureau, Central Plains Bureau, Chen Yi, Deng Xiaoping, Tan Zhenlin and Wang Jianan, and judged that "it is possible to seize Xuzhou ahead of time so that the enemy can’t retreat south" after the Huaihai Campaign was launched. He thought that "the main key at present is whether the Yellow Army (Baitao) Corps can be wiped out and the next step can be made at the same time", demanding that Hua Ye troops led by Tan Zhenlin and Wang Jianan leave the Longhai Line as scheduled, and suggesting that the Chinese army led by Chen Yi and Deng Xiaoping should be moved to China. The Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) replied on November 8th that "the estimation and deployment are very good". On November 10, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) sent three more telegrams, instructing Nakano to concentrate four columns to capture Suxian County, control the Xuzhou-Bengbu section of the railway, and cut off the route of Xuzhou’s enemy’s southward withdrawal; Hua Ye’s troops were instructed to annihilate Li Mi Corps by brave and swift means, and to cut off the westward evacuation route of Huang Baitao Corps.

　　In the first stage of the operation, the East China Field Army under the command of Su Yu cooperated with the Central Plains Field Army under the command of Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi and Deng Xiaoping, and always held the initiative of the war, exceeding the tasks entrusted by the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Not only did they all annihilate 120,000 troops from five armies of Huang Baitao Corps, but they also fought for the uprising of more than 23,000 troops from the third appeasement area led by He Jifeng and Zhang Kexia, which dealt a heavy blow to Qiu Qingquan and Li Mi, two regiments that reinforced Huang Baitao Corps. Liberated the vast area from the east of Xuzhou to Haizhou and Lianyungang, and cut off the traffic between Xuzhou and Bengbu, leaving the enemy of Xuzhou in an isolated position, creating extremely favorable conditions for the next battle and laying the foundation for the victory of the strategic decisive battle in the southern line. Mao Zedong pointed out in the telegram drafted for the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC): "This is a great victory". The telegram said: "Before the campaign was launched, we had estimated that 18 enemy divisions might be destroyed in the first stage, but we dared not make such an estimate at that time about cutting off the Xu clam and completely isolating the Xu enemy."

　　After the Huaihai Campaign entered the second stage, the total strength of the Kuomintang army on the Huaihai battlefield was more than 500,000 people in 6 corps and 18 armies. They are concentrated in three places: in Xuzhou area, there are more than 300,000 people in Xuzhou "suppression general" and 8 armies of Qiu Qingquan, Li Mi and Sun Yuanliang; In Mengcheng area, there are 120,000 people in 4 armies of Stevie Hoang Corps. In Bengbu area, there are more than 100,000 people from two corps and six armies in Li Yannian and Liu Ruming.

　　Three battlefields and a game of chess. How to determine the main target of attack, how to deal with the relationship between the main attack on the battlefield and the clamping and blocking of the battlefield, and how to destroy these three parts of the enemy in a planned and step-by-step manner are the key issues that affect the outcome of the whole campaign.

　　Since the launch of the Huaihai Campaign, Su Yu has been paying attention to the choice of the second-stage combat targets. In "Qi Chen Dian", he suggested to the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) that after Hua Ye annihilated the Huang Baitao Corps, the next step was to fight "or the Sun Corps (Yuan Liang) or the Huang Corps". The Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) judged that after the annihilation of Huang Baitao Corps, there were two possibilities for the enemy in Xuzhou to withdraw south or not. Pointed out: "If the enemy does not withdraw, we can fight the second battle, annihilate Huang Wei and Sun Yuanliang, and completely isolate the enemy in Xuzhou." During the first phase of the operation, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) once envisaged "the second step is to annihilate Qiu (Qingquan) and Li (Mi) and seize Xuzhou". Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi and Deng Xiaoping suggested that if Stevie Hoang Corps leaves Yongcheng or Suxian County, "it is the best policy to wipe out Stevie Hoang". At that time, the battle to encircle the Huang Baitao Corps had just begun, and the movements of the other enemy troops had not yet been ascertained. Therefore, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) instructed: "After the annihilation of the Huang (Baitao) Corps, according to the situation of Qiu Qingquan, Li Mi and Huang Wei, the operational policy can be decided." When the first phase of the operation was nearing the end, the battlefield situation on the north and south lines changed greatly: it was a foregone conclusion to wipe out Huang Baitao Corps, but the situation that Qiu and Li Corps actively assisted the east did not appear, and the three corps, Huang Wei, Li Yannian and Liu Ruming, assembled in Mengcheng and Bengbu, began to reinforce the north. On November 18th, 1948, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) proposed that after Huang Baitao Corps was annihilated in the northern line, Li Yannian Corps was annihilated in the southern line, and Liu Ruming Corps was annihilated or expelled, "Huang Wei could be completely annihilated, just as Huang Baitao was annihilated in Nianzhuang.Get a great victory. " On the same day, Huang Wei Corps entered Mengcheng area and launched an attack on the troops of the Central Plains Field Army. On November 19th, Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi and Deng Xiaoping proposed that the East China Field Army, after annihilating the Huang Baitao Corps, "will focus on Xu Dong and Xu Nan, monitor the Qiu, Li and Sun San Corps, and strive to rest for ten days and a half. At the same time, five columns or three columns that have not yet been used are used for the downtown, and we will cooperate with Huang Wei and Li Yannian. " Su Yu is equal to the telegram on November 20th, "completely agree with Liu Chen-Deng’s instructions", decided to "draw out four or five columns, add three columns when necessary, and cooperate with Nakano to wipe out Stevie Hoang and Li Yannian", and suggested that "the Stevie Hoang Corps should be completely annihilated first". On November 22nd, the East China Field Army adowa Huang Baitao Corps, Li Yannian Corps and Liu Ruming Corps were slow to advance, and Stevie Hoang Corps violently attacked the Nanpingji position in Nakano, and a favorable fighter plane appeared to annihilate Stevie Hoang Corps. Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi and Deng Xiaoping suggested to the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to fight Stevie Hoang first, and asked Hua Ye to "defend Li and Liu with two or three columns, and at least four columns to join in the fight against Stevie Hoang". The Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) replied at 15: 00 on November 24th: "I totally agree to fight Huang Wei first" and instructed Hua Ye to "send necessary troops to fight Huang Wei". At noon on November 24th and at 4: 00 on November 25th, Su Yu repeatedly sent two telegrams, saying that he "fully supported the operational policy of concentrating on annihilating Huang Wei first" and decided to "vigorously cooperate with Nakano to annihilate Huang Wei Corps", and made specific arrangements: three more columns were deployed, together with the 11th columns of Wang Bingzhang and Zhang Linzhi, which had been handed over to Nakano’s command.He has successively invested in the annihilation of Huang Wei; With three columns and two brigades in the Jianghuai Military Region, the two regiments of Li Yannian and Liu Ruming were stopped from invading from west to north; With eight columns to monitor and muzzle Qiu Qingquan, Li Mi, Sun Yuanliang 3 corps, so that it can’t south to west reinforcements. In this way, the operational policy of the second stage was determined and put into practice. The East China Field Army under the command of Su Yu shouldered three heavy burdens. Apart from sending five columns to take part in the operations of annihilating Stevie Hoang Corps, it was also charged with the combat task of containing and stopping one "suppression headquarters" and five corps of about 400,000 enemy troops on the north and south lines.

　　In the process of discussing the operational policy in the second stage, Su Yu judged in the telegram on November 20th that after the Huang Baitao Corps was wiped out, the enemy of Xuzhou and the enemy of Bengbu and Mengcheng had "the great possibility of taking Suxian as the center and trying to get through the Jin-Pu line", and decided to surround Xuzhou with eight columns in a big arc to monitor and contain the enemy of Xuzhou and stop its south aid. With four columns and two brigades, Li Yannian and Liu Ruming were prevented from advancing northward, so as to "fully guarantee the victory of Liu Chen, Deng Jian and Huang Wei". As Su Yu expected, on November 23rd, Huang Baitao Corps was destroyed, and Chiang Kai-shek urged Liu Zhi and Du Yuming to attend a meeting in Nanking. It was decided that "Xuzhou will attack Fuliji with the main force, and the Sixth Corps and the Twelfth Corps will attack Suxian, and the north and the south will advance, breaking the Communist Army in one fell swoop to get through the traffic between Xu and Bengbu." At this time, the East China Field Army under the command of Su Yu was already ready. After three days of fierce fighting on the northern line, the two regiments of Qiu Qingquan and Sun Yuanliang, which went south from Xuzhou, only advanced 10 to 15 kilometers, and they could not cross the line again on the third day. Li Yannian and Liu Ruming Corps on the downtown just arrived in Renqiao area, when they were hit head-on by Hua Ye troops. On November 26th, Hua Ye troops conquered Lingbi east of Renqiao, threatening the flank of Li and Liu Corps. Li Yannian and Liu Ruming saw something bad, and immediately commanded their subordinate troops to retreat to the south of Huihe River. The 12th Corps of Huang Wei, which marched northward from Mengcheng, was surrounded by troops commanded by Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi and Deng Xiaoping in Shuangduiji area. Chiang Kai-shek’s North-South plan was declared bankrupt as soon as it came out.

　　In the second stage of the operation, the movement of the enemy in Xuzhou has always been the most concerned issue for Su Yu. He analyzed the situation of the enemy and himself, and thought that there were no soldiers in the rear of the Kuomintang army to adjust, so it was more likely to give up Xuzhou. The enemy of Xuzhou has two possibilities: sticking to and breaking through. It will be more difficult for our army to annihilate the enemy if the enemy sticks to it and relies on strong fortified cities. On the contrary, it is not bad for me for the enemy to break through. It is best to let him leave the tortoise shell and then destroy him. Therefore, we decided not to block the enemy in Xuzhou, but to prepare for the enemy to break through. On November 28, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) called and pointed out: "After Huang Wei solved it, it must be estimated that the enemy in Xuzhou may flee to Huaibei or Wuhan." After receiving a call from the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Su Yu further analyzed the situation of the enemy and himself, and thought that the enemy might give up Xuzhou before Huang Wei was destroyed, and judged that there were three directions for Xu’s enemy to escape: first, he fled eastward along Longhai Road and southward through Lianyungang; The second is to go straight to the southeast to go to Huaibei and turn to Beijing and Shanghai through Suzhong; Third, along the west side of Jinpu Road, bypass the mountain area and go south, relieve the siege of Huang Wei and concentrate on defending the Huaihe River. The enemy will encounter a strong blow from our two field armies when they go this way. However, the enemy always overestimates himself and is most likely to take this road. If the enemy’s plot succeeds, the battlefield situation will undergo major changes that are not conducive to us, so it is also the biggest threat to our army. Therefore, in the deployment of troops, he deployed seven columns of the northern line on the east and west sides of Jinpu Road south of Xuzhou, focusing on dealing with the enemy of Xuzhou fleeing southwest. At the same time, guard against its flight to Huaibei and Lianyungang. On November 28th,Chiang Kai-shek really urged Liu Zhi and Du Yuming to go to Nanking for secret talks, and decided to withdraw from Xuzhou on November 30th, taking the third road judged by Su Yu, and passing through Yongcheng to Mengcheng and Fuyang to solve the siege of Stevie Hoang. On the evening of November 30th, just after the enemy of Xuzhou withdrew from Xuzhou, Hua Ye learned from various channels that the enemy had withdrawn from Xuzhou and fled to the southwest. Su Yu immediately made arrangements for chasing and fleeing the enemy. In addition to the seven columns in the northern line, three columns were transferred from the southern line, plus the Bohai column transferred from Shandong, making a total of 11 columns to pursue, intercept and panic in the fleeing enemy. By December 4th, 300,000 troops led by Du Yuming were surrounded in the area of Chenguanzhuang, Yongcheng County, Henan Province, and on December 6th, all the Sun Yuanliang Corps attempting to break through were annihilated.

　　Su Yu said: "Where the focus of campaign command is, it has a great bearing on whether we can grasp the initiative in the battlefield. I have learned from all the battle commands I have participated in that every battle has a turning point. This turning point is that we have mastered the initiative and won the enemy in the links that have a decisive influence on the campaign, so that our army can surely win the battle. Therefore, the campaign commander should not only have a comprehensive consideration of the whole campaign, foresee the possible development and changes of the situation, but also want to fight the second and third battles when fighting the first battle. Moreover, he should focus his attention on the turning point of the campaign, give full play to his subjective and dynamic role, go all out and take all means to promote the realization of the turning point of the campaign. " He believes that the turning point of the entire Huaihai Campaign was when Du Yuming Group was besieged to death, Li Yannian and Liu Ruming Corps were blocked, and our army was able to concentrate enough troops to wipe out Stevie Hoang Corps. In the second stage of combat, he made every effort to promote the realization of this turning point.

　　In the first ten days of December, 1948, the battlefield situation in Huaihai changed greatly: Li Yannian and Liu Ruming Corps were stopped by five columns from Hua Ye to the south of Bengbu, Du Yuming Group was besieged by eleven columns from Hua Ye in Chenguanzhuang area, and Huang Wei Corps was isolated and helpless. Hua Ye got the information: Du Yuming suggested to Chiang Kai-shek that several troops should be transferred from Shanxi, Taiwan Province and Gansu to Bengbu to join Li Yannian and Liu Ruming to aid the North; Song Xilian Corps has moved from Wuhan to Pukou; Chiang Kai-shek sent his son Jiang Weiguo to Bengbu to take part in the war. Su Yu analyzed the battlefield situation, and thought that the resistance troops in the southern line were insufficient. If something goes wrong, it will definitely affect the operation of adowa Huang Wei Corps. He estimated that it would take ten days to half a month for Hua Ye to fight against Du Yuming Group, and then he could spare some troops to annihilate the Yellow River battlefield, and first concentrate his forces to annihilate Stevie Hoang Corps. On December 10th, a telegram was sent to Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi, Deng Xiaoping, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and East China Bureau. "It is suggested that some troops be drawn from this area in order to solve Stevie Hoang’s problem first (Qiu and Li are temporarily on the defensive and partially on the offensive)". With the telephone consent of Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi and Deng Xiaoping, the front committee of Hua Ye decided that the third column, the south-central column of Shandong Province and a special forces column led by Chen Shiju, the chief of staff of Hua Ye, would go south to participate in the war that evening. In this way, the troops participating in the encirclement and suppression of the Huang Wei Corps reached 12 columns and two other brigades, which were also in an advantageous position in number. By December 15th, the 23-day victory in the second phase of the war ended, and 120,000 people (including the insurgents) were wiped out.It won the second great victory in the Huaihai Campaign.

　　After the Huai Hai Campaign entered the third stage, Su Yu thought that the situation was completely clear. Du Yuming Group has become a turtle in a jar, and it can’t escape the fate of annihilation. The question is, considering the overall situation of the war, when is the most favorable time to launch a general attack? On December 11th, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) decided, after annihilating Stevie Hoang Corps, to leave the rest of Du Yuming Group, and "no final annihilation plan will be made within two weeks", so that the two major battles of Huaihai and Peiping and Tianjin can cooperate with each other. Su Yu believes that the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s wise decision has created an excellent opportunity for Huaihai battlefield, which can not only use this time to organize troops to rest, but also take the opportunity to launch a political offensive against the enemy. In organizing the rest of the troops, activities such as meritorious service, evaluating casualties and dissolving prisoners were widely carried out. After a rest, the troops in Hua Ye were enriched, their equipment improved, their tactics improved, their morale rose and they grew stronger. At the beginning of the Huaihai Campaign, the total population of Hua Ye was 361,000, and there were 105,000 casualties during the campaign, which increased to 551,000 at the end of the campaign. The growth part, in addition to supplementing several local regiments, is mainly to supplement "liberation fighters." The political offensive against the enemy was even more brilliant, prompting officers and men of the Kuomintang army to surrender with their weapons. When the East China Field Army launched a general assault, the Du Yuming Group’s 300,000 troops were only less than 200,000, which was completely eliminated in just four days. Su Yu said: "The enemy was finally solved so quickly, which should be attributed to the success of the political offensive. Less than four days and four nights later, more than 100,000 people were wiped out, with an average of 40,000 to 50,000 people wiped out every day. If there is no political offensive,In the end, it will not be so fast to solve the enemy, and the casualties of our army will be even greater, which proves that it is correct to be the best. "

　　On January 10, 1949, the 66-day Huaihai Campaign ended successfully, annihilating 555,000 people in one "suppression general" headquarters, five corps and 22 armies of the Kuomintang army, and basically eliminating Chiang Kai-shek’s elite troops north of the Yangtze River. Liberated the vast areas of East China and Central Plains, won a decisive victory in the war of liberation, and laid a solid foundation for the People’s Liberation Army to cross the river and advance southward and liberate the whole of China.

　　Su Yu is famous for being good at commanding large corps. In the Huaihai Campaign, he raised the command art of the large corps to a new level and made a unique contribution to the victory of the Huaihai Campaign.

　　Su Yu summed up his own experience and said: "As a theater commander, we should constantly study and analyze the comparative changes between the enemy and ourselves, give full play to the subjective and dynamic role, and dare to push the war situation to a new level in due course, instead of waiting for the conditions to be fully mature. From the Battle of Menglianggu to the Battle of Yudong and then to the Battle of Huaihai, I realized this. "

　　Mao Zedong said: Comrade Su Yu made the first contribution in the Huaihai Campaign.

　　The Huaihai Campaign created a miracle in the history of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign wars. Compared with the three major battles of China’s war of liberation, Liaoshen Campaign and Pingjin Campaign were all based on winning more with less, but Huaihai Campaign was based on winning more with less. In the Liaoshen Campaign, the People’s Liberation Army defeated 550,000 Kuomintang troops with more than 700,000 troops and wiped out 472,000 enemies. In the Battle of Pingjin, the People’s Liberation Army defeated more than 600,000 Kuomintang troops with 1 million troops and wiped out 521,000 enemies (including adaptation). In the Huaihai Campaign, the PLA defeated 800,000 Kuomintang troops with 600,000 troops and wiped out 555,000 enemies. The number of enemy annihilation in Huaihai Campaign surpassed that in Moscow and Kursk in World War II. Soviet troops annihilated 500,000 German fascist troops in those two battles. Therefore, Stalin heard the news of the victory of the Huaihai Campaign and even said, "It’s a miracle that 600,000 defeated 800,000. It’s a miracle!"

　　Some people in China and abroad associate the Huaihai Campaign with the Battle of Waterloo, calling it "Chiang Kai-shek’s Waterloo". However, any metaphor is inaccurate. As far as the fate of Napoleon and Chiang Kai-shek is concerned, there are indeed similarities between these two battles. In the Battle of Waterloo, the French army under Napoleon’s command was completely lost, and then he abdicated for the second time, and the "Hundred Days Napoleon Regime" was destroyed. During the Huaihai War, 800,000 main troops, the lifeblood of Chiang Kai-shek’s survival, were destroyed, and then he announced his "retirement" in the political crisis of internal and external difficulties, and the Chiang family dynasty, which lasted for 22 years soon, collapsed. As far as the scale and direction of the war are concerned, the Huaihai Campaign far surpassed the Battle of Waterloo. In the Battle of Waterloo, there were 130,000 allied troops under the command of Wellington and blucher, 72,000 French troops under the command of Napoleon, and 72,000 allied troops wiped out the enemy. The scale of the war and the number of enemy wiped out were less than one-fifth of those in the Huaihai Campaign. In terms of war guidance, whether it is strategic decision-making or battle command, it has greatly surpassed the Battle of Waterloo. Mao Zedong and his commanders in Huaihai battlefield strategized, made a surprise attack, and used troops like gods, which not only created a miracle of winning more with fewer, but also raised the art of operational command of large corps to a new level.

　　In the process of creating this miracle, Su Yu made unique contributions in both strategic decision-making and campaign command.

　　Mao Zedong said in a conversation in 1949: "Comrade Su Yu made the first contribution to the Huaihai Campaign." Facts eloquently show that this is a historical conclusion that can stand the test of practice.

Editor: Li Yongchao

Indian soldiers captured in the Sino-Indian War in 1962.

　　This conflict, which should not have happened, is still influencing Indians’ cognition of China, and the sequelae of the war still exist today.

　　Tang Lu, a reporter from the International Herald Tribune, sent from Beijing "Reviewing the Indian Aggression in 1962" and "Why India Lost the 1962 War" … Almost every year around mid-October, there are always some articles in Indian newspapers that review or summarize the lessons of the 1962 Sino-Indian War. This seems to be a reminder to the author: in 1962, the anniversary of the Sino-Indian War came, and Indians were rethinking again.

　　The impression of China is still influenced by the 1962 war.

　　For a long time after the Sino-Indian War broke out in October 1962, there was only one official version of India’s story about this war: "China betrayed India and India was attacked by China".

　　The Indian army’s true record of the 1962 war is a document with strict restrictions on distribution. Neville maxwell, a British journalist who once participated in the coverage of the Sino-Indian war, pointed out in his monograph "India’s War against China" based on some materials obtained from senior Indian officials that India should bear the main responsibility for the border war. This book caused him to be the object of abuse by Indians for a long time.

　　However, this situation gradually changed after the Bharatiya Janata Party came to power in 1998. In April, 1999, Maxwell’s long paper Reflection on the Sino-Indian Border Dispute was allowed to be published in the most authoritative academic magazine, Political and Economic Weekly in India for the first time. Later, with the acquiescence of then Prime Minister Vajpayee, Indians began to quietly reflect on the 1962 war, and former officials and generals were encouraged to publicly express their different views on issues such as war lessons. Prior to this, it was said that any dissent on the Sino-Indian border issue was considered as "subversion of the country". What’s more fresh is that in October 2002, the famous Indian news website rediff initiated a discussion to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Sino-Indian War, and invited some Indian experts and scholars to express different opinions on the causes of the conflict for the first time.

　　According to the Indian media, a whole generation in India has grown up with the idea that the main goal of the country is to "recover lost territory from China". Most of these people think that the Sino-Indian War was planned by China’s "tough" leaders. As a result, China defeated India. While acknowledging that China has caused great psychological trauma to India, other experts and scholars are also cautiously expressing their views: "The 1962 war was not entirely China’s invasion, and we ourselves made very obvious mistakes". There is still a small part of the view that the 1962 conflict between China and India is inevitable from the perspective of the conflict of civilizations, which is only a small contest of long-term conflicts between China and India.

　　It was not until Vajpayee paid a landmark visit to China in 2003 that Indian officials began to emphasize on various occasions that they should deal with the remaining problems in Sino-Indian relations with the optimistic spirit of "looking forward".

　　India will neve forget that humiliation of 1962.

　　In late October this year, the author interviewed an Indian journalist Sila: "Indian leaders often say that China and India want to bury the hatchet. Why are Indians still talking about the 1962 war?"

　　"Indians will never forget the 1962 conflict." Silas said firmly. "This may be similar to the feelings of China people towards Japan. Because Japan invaded China, you China people always seem to dislike Japan …" "But the Sino-Indian conflict is totally different from the Japanese war of aggression against China …" While trying to change Sila’s understanding, I suddenly remembered the remarks of Indian generals who attended a seminar in India in early 2008. "India’s feelings for China may be just like China’s inability to forget Japanese imperialism in East Asia in the 20th century. If the general’s view has the toughness peculiar to the Indian military to some extent, then Sila is a good friend of the author and an ordinary Indian journalist.

　　I told Sila that most primary and middle school students in China would never have heard of the Sino-Indian War. Sila said, "But all Indian children know that there was a war in 1962, in which India was defeated by China." Yes, when I was in India, I used to associate with many young friends. The most unforgettable thing was my conversation with 14-year-old Indian middle school student Kumar. He told me that regarding the Sino-Indian war, he thought that "China occupied the territory belonging to India" and told me that "China and India may fight again in the future". To be honest, the conversation with Kumar surprised me. I have heard politicians say with my own ears many times that "there can be no more war between China and India, and the two countries must work hand in hand in the future". However, I am not quite sure how the younger generation in India can understand China and Sino-Indian relations.

　　Just because of this conversation with Kumar, in 2005, the author made a small survey on the views of 100 Indian college students on China in New Delhi and Chennai. Results Among the views on the 1962 war between China and India, 35 people thought that China should bear the main responsibility for the war, and 48 people said it was difficult to say who was responsible. 63 people think that the two countries should forget the unpleasant history, and 16 people say that India cannot forget this history; 70 people think that there must be no more war between China and India, and 19 people say that there will still be war between the two countries one day.

　　Indians did not forgive China psychologically.

　　Although Indian officials always emphasize that the 1962 war has become history, the reality is that Indian politicians still remember India’s defeat in the 1962 war, and the aftermath of the war still exists. This conflict that should not have happened is still affecting Indians’ understanding of China, and the worst impression is that "China people always have a bit of duplicity and hide the knife in the smile."

　　As India’s security strategist Subramniaan said recently, "Indians did not forgive China’s invasion in 1962 psychologically. They blamed China’s nuclear proliferation for the Pakistani army’s nuclear and missile programs, accused China of establishing a base like a’ pearl chain’ in the Indian Ocean to surround India, and India was horrified by the growth of China’s navy and its entry into the Indian Ocean. India is even more angry at China’s "insidious and cunning" in the discussion of India’s nuclear trading exemption by the Nuclear Suppliers Group … "

　　When I was in New Delhi, I also talked with Jayram Ramesh, India’s current Minister of State for Commerce, who coined the word "Chindia", about the impact of the 1962 war on Indians. Later, I read a passage in his book Understanding China: Reflections on China and India, "It is probably not an exaggeration to say that the vast majority of Indians are very wary of China. From October to November 1962, the great rout that was largely self-inflicted under the Himalayas still lingered in our memory. " Jairam mentioned a remark made by Indian Prime Minister Wen Jiabao when he met with former Indian Defense Minister Fernandez. "In the past 2,200 years, or nearly 99.9%, China and China have devoted themselves to friendly cooperation." Jairam pointed out that it is obvious that "1962 occupied most of the remaining 0.1% in Wen Jiabao’s historical arithmetic, but the shadow it left was exceptionally long".

Editor: Wang Xu

Stock code: 600977 Stock abbreviation: China Film AnnouncementNo.: 2023-031.

China Film Co., Ltd

Announcement on Holding the Performance Briefing Meeting for the Third Quarter of 2023

The board of directors and all directors of the company guarantee that there are no false records, misleading statements or major omissions in the contents of this announcement, and bear legal responsibilities for the authenticity, accuracy and completeness of its contents.

Important content prompt

Meeting time: 10:00-11:00 am on December 26th, 2023.

Convening method: network text interaction

Webcast address: Shanghai Road Show Center (//roadshow.sseinfo.com/)

Question collection method: ir@chinafilm.com or WeChat collection page.

China Film Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "the Company") released the Third Quarter Report of China Film Co., Ltd. in 2023 on the website of Shanghai Stock Exchange on October 28th, 2023. In order to facilitate investors to have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the company’s business development, the company plans to hold a performance briefing meeting in the third quarter of 2023 to exchange views on issues of common concern to investors.

I. Solicitation of investor questions

Before 18:00 on Thursday, December 21, 2023, investors can send the information you want to know about the company and related questions to the office of the board of directors of the company in the following ways, and the company will answer the questions that investors are generally concerned about at this performance briefing.

1. E-mail: sent to ir@chinafilm.com;

2. WeChat page: scan the QR code on the right to visit the registration page or click.

Https://www.wjx.cn/vm/mNkw6OV.aspx to fill in.

Second, explain the type and arrangement of the meeting

(1) Meeting time: 10:00-11:00 am on December 26th, 2023.

(B) Convening method: online text interaction.

(3) Webcast address: Shanghai Stock Exchange Roadshow Center (//roadshow.sseinfo.com/)

III. Attendants of the Company

Chairman and General Manager: Mr. Fu Ruoqing

Director, Secretary of the Board of Directors and Deputy General Manager: Ms. Ren Yue

Director and Chief Financial Officer: Ms. Wang Bei

Director and Deputy General Manager: Mr. Bu Shusheng

Independent Director: Mr. Li Xiaorong

Fourth, the way of investor participation

Investors can log on to the website of SSE Roadshow Center (//roadshow.sseinfo.com/) at 10:00-11:00 am on December 26th, 2023, participate in the performance briefing online, and ask questions and interact with the company through the "interactive communication" column of SSE Roadshow Center.

V. Contact Department and Contact Information

Contact Department: Office of the Board of Directors

Contact E-mail: ir@chinafilm.com, Tel: 010-88321280.

It is hereby announced.

Board of Directors of China Film Co., Ltd.

December 19, 2023

Special feature of 1905 film network According to foreign media reports, a famous French actor, director and producer died on April 21st local time at the age of 80.

Jacques perrin is a legend of French films.

As an actor, at the age of 25, he won the Golden Lion Award for Best Actor at Venice Film Festival with the film "Half a Man".

Stills of Half a Man

As a producer, his works have been nominated for the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film for many times.

Based on the real assassination

Let behan be nominated for the Oscar as a producer for the first time

As a director, his nature documentaries and other epic works, which started shooting in 1980s, made him a documentary master in the hearts of global audiences, and also earned him the reputation as a French national treasure director.

To many people, jacques perrin’s artistic life seems to be open.He was born in France in 1941. Because his father was the stage supervisor and his mother was an actor, he lived in the theater since he was a child. Started in movie master at the age of six.Marcel CarnéGuest role in "Gate of the Night".

"Night Gate" screen

At the age of 20, he was admitted to the National Paris Institute of Advanced Theatre Arts and received professional training. In 1960, he took the leading role in the film of the famous Italian film director Valerio Surini, and made his mark in the film industry.

Stills of suitcase girl

In 1966, with his outstanding performance in Half a Man, he won the Golden Lion Award for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival, becoming one of the youngest film emperors in film history and the Prince Charming in the eyes of thousands of girls in Europe.

cooperate with

Today, people can’t take their eyes off him. However, at this time, jacques perrin has a broader ideal: to find broader freedom in movies.

In the days surrounded by flowers and applause, jacques perrin never stopped reflecting, just like his creative attitude. Because behind the open life, he also experienced the loss that outsiders can’t imagine.

In 1970, at the age of 29, jacques perrin gradually retired from the background and tried to be a producer. The number of films was amazing. Up to now, we are familiar with many French films, such as Children of Lumiere, Long Engagement and Perfume. You can not only find his figure in these films, but also find his name in the list of titles and producers.

Play the role of adult Pierre in Spring of Cowboy Class.

But he also experienced many box office fiasco. Especially in 1976, because of heavy debts, he was once forced to interrupt his production work.

Stills of "The Desert of Tatars"

It was Giuseppe tornado who made his name appear on the Oscar shortlist for best foreign language film in 1988. He played Duo Duo as an adult.

There are many middle-aged people in Paradise Cinema.

When many young people leave their hometown, they bid farewell to Alfredo. This grandpa’s line has made many people cry.

"Whatever you want to do in the end, love it!"

This seems to be the rule that jacques perrin abided by all his life. In 1989, the production of "Monkey Family" made him really shift his focus to the theme of natural ecology, which also marked the rise of animal movies in France.

Since 1994, jacques perrin has successively released the trilogy of "Heaven, Earth and Man": "Migrating Birds", with migratory birds, insects and mountain people as the main characters, which has aroused widespread concern.

Working photos of Migrating Birds

During most of his life devoted to nature documentaries, he flew over five continents with pilots and scientists for Migrating Birds, and crossed the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. The Himalayas and the Sahara Desert were also their stops. I also lost everything for "The Ocean".

Work photos of Ocean

The documentary "Ocean", which took a team of 400 people seven years and cost 75 million dollars, is the most expensive documentary in history. The film has shot more than 100 marine creatures, which not only shows the law of natural selection, but also tells the life of harmonious coexistence among marine creatures. Different from the common nature documentary, it records the vivid images of marine life that are little known and have strong feelings.

Jacques perrin has been preparing for Ocean for more than two years and filming for more than four years. He has designed the most advanced instruments to see the ocean with the vision of fish. He raised money while filming, and even had to resort to corporate sponsorship from all over the world to seek the support of publishers, film organizations and charities from all over the world. Later, the film overspent 9 million euros, which later became a huge debt on him.

In the end, The Ocean not only won the best documentary in César Awards, but also became the highest-grossing documentary in history.

Jacques perrin’s shooting technique of natural and ecological documentary has reached a fantastic level by the time of this film. He vividly reproduces the nature of the universe from three aspects: three-dimensional shooting of space, synchronization of sound and picture, and impersonal objective recording, bringing the audience into the natural ecology and immersing them in the movie dream.

In the dream, flocks of birds fly by us, and they will be deeply stared at by the cute sea lions.

"If the earth one day, only ourselves. Is there anything sadder than this? Our film is not the kind that always has a sequel, or we hope that the audience can experience the beauty of nature in the cinema! "

In 2015, jacques perrin was included as a member of the French Oceanographic Association, and worked closely with the world ecologists as a French eco-filmmaker, using the power of movies to awaken human beings’ attention to the earth’s ecological problems.

In China, the documentary directed by jacques perrin is the most familiar foreign documentary film, especially regarded as one of the compulsory courses of aesthetic education by family audiences. His Spring of Cowboy Class and Paradise Cinema have also influenced a generation of China filmmakers.

In memory of the French filmmaker familiar to the audience in China, the film channel will be held at:

At 8:50 on April 23, the documentary "Ocean" directed by jacques perrin was broadcast;

At 22:20 on April 25th, the classic movie Paradise Cinema starring jacques perrin was broadcast.

On April 30th, at 17:20 pm, World Movie Journey will launch a special program in memory of jacques perrin, so stay tuned!

The public exchange of department-level cadres in Hongkou District in 2022 has officially begun! A total of 33 jobs were launched, and the registration time is from now until October 28, 2022! Come and choose the right position for you!

Hongkou District in 2022

Brief introduction to public exchange positions of department-level cadres

▲ Click to view a larger image.

Hongkou District in 2022

Announcement of public exchange of department-level cadres

In order to further strengthen the construction of cadres in this area, optimize the allocation of cadres’ resources and the structure of cadres’ ranks, and enhance the vitality of cadres at the department level, according to the Civil Service Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Service Law), the Regulations on the Selection and Appointment of Leading Cadres of the Party and Government, and the Opinions on Further Strengthening the Construction of Cadres in the New Era in this area, it is planned to carry out the public exchange of cadres at the department level in 2022. The relevant matters are hereby announced as follows:

area of application

(a) all departments and streets of the district organs (hereinafter referred to as the units) meet the qualifications of civil servants;

(2) Persons who meet the qualifications for the post in the district management institutions with reference to the Civil Service Law (hereinafter referred to as public employees);

Communication form

The public exchange work of department-level cadres includes two forms: equal position exchange (equal position and rank) and competitive selection (promotion). The specific work shall be organized and implemented by the Organization Department of the District Committee in conjunction with the Party (Industry) Committee (Party Group) of each unit.

Registration conditions

In addition to the basic conditions stipulated in the Regulations on the Selection and Appointment of Leading Cadres of the Party and Government, the following conditions are also required:

1. Good political quality, work experience and business ability that match the position.

2. Generally have a bachelor’s degree or above. Generally under 40 years of age (born after October 1982). Have the physical conditions to perform their duties normally.

3. Communication requirements for the leadership position at the official level: the current leadership position at the official level; Or any one, two-level chief clerk and equivalent rank accumulated for 2 years or more; Or the current deputy-level leadership position for more than 2 years; Or he has served as a third-and fourth-level chief clerk and a considerable rank for more than 4 years. Communication requirements for deputy-level leadership positions: current deputy-level leadership positions; Or serve as a four-level chief clerk and above the equivalent level; Or any first-level clerk and equivalent rank for more than 3 years. Requirements for the exchange of civil servants’ positions at different ranks: the exchange should be conducted on an equal footing, and the personnel who participate in the exchange of directors from grade one to grade four and at equivalent ranks must meet the relevant requirements of the Civil Service Law and the Parallel Provisions on Civil Servants’ Positions and Ranks.

4. If a public employee is transferred, he should have worked in the public position for 3 years (including the probation period); Administrative law enforcement personnel transferred, should work in law enforcement units for 5 years (including probation).

5. The annual assessment results within the prescribed qualification period are all qualified or above, and there is no need to avoid it.

6. During the probation period, personnel will not participate in this public exchange.

Communication program

(1) Registration

For the positions, numbers and qualifications of this public exchange, please refer to the 2022 Hongkou District Public Exchange Position Brief (hereinafter referred to as the "Position Brief"), which is published in a unified manner through the bulletin boards of various departments.

This public exchange adopts a combination of organizational recommendation and personal recommendation to register. Each person can fill in up to 2 positions.

1. Organization recommendation: Each unit shall carefully organize the recommendation according to the requirements, and after soliciting my opinions, fill in the Recommendation Form for Public Exchange Organization of Department-level Cadres in Hongkou District in 2022 (hereinafter referred to as the Organization Recommendation Form).

2. Self-recommendation: If a cadre has the intention to communicate, he/she shall fill in the Personal Recommendation Form for Public Exchange of Department-level Cadres in Hongkou District in 2022 (hereinafter referred to as "Personal Recommendation Form") after reporting to the Party Organization of his/her unit for examination and approval according to the cadre management authority.

The Organization Recommendation Form, Personal Recommendation Form and Hongkou District Public Exchange Registration Summary Form in 2022 shall be submitted to the Civil Service Management Section of the Organization Department of the District Party Committee after being reviewed and sealed by the Party organizations of each unit, and the electronic version shall be sent to the mailbox.

hkgongkaijiaoliu@163.com

For details of registration and the above forms, please consult the personnel department of each unit for details.

(2) Qualification examination

The organization department of the district Committee summarizes the registration situation and conducts qualification examination to determine the list of candidates for interview. If the number of applicants is insufficient to form a competitive position, it will be adjusted after research, and the applicants will be transferred.

(3) Interview

The interview mainly evaluates political quality, scientific decision-making, emergency response and mass work ability. According to the interview situation, the candidates are determined according to a certain proportion.

(4) Organizing inspection and publicity.

Involving the exchange of equal positions, the organization department of the district Committee will establish an investigation team together with the transfer unit to investigate the relevant situation of morality, ability, diligence, performance and honesty; Involving competitive selection, inspection shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant procedures for the selection and appointment of cadres. The unit where the object of investigation belongs shall actively support and cooperate with the work of the investigation team and objectively and truly reflect the actual situation of the object of investigation.

(5) Appointment

For the candidates to be appointed, if they are promoted, they must be publicized before taking office for 5 working days. If there are no problems after the expiration of the publicity period or the problems reflected do not affect the appointment, the procedures shall be handled in accordance with the relevant regulations and a probation period of 1 year shall be set. The appointment procedures involving identity change (from public servants to civil servants) shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions on the transfer of civil servants.

other

(1) Registration time: before October 28, 2022.

(two) the public exchange work set up consultation telephone and supervision telephone, accept the supervision of all sectors of society.

Tel: 25658122, 25658123 (Civil Service Management Section)

Supervision Tel: 25657417 (Cadre Supervision Section)

(3) The Organization Department of the District Party Committee shall be responsible for the interpretation of this announcement.

Organization Department of Hongkou District Committee of CPC

October 21, 2022

Authors: Organization Department of District Committee

Editor: Ji Zhiping

ShangguanNo. Author: Shanghai Hongkou