40 questions and 40 answers! Take you through the latest important articles of the Supreme Leader General Secretary.

　　In 2020, the first issue of Qiushi magazine published an important article by General Secretary of the Supreme Leader.Adhere to and improve the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity,This is the main part of the general secretary’s speech at the second plenary session of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19 th CPC Central Committee on October 31, 2019. To study and implement the spirit of the plenary session, this important article must be read deeply and intensively. Note Jun highlighted the key points and summarized them.40 questions and 40 answers,The first part is now released to help you study better!

　　Question 1: Why should we uphold and improve the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity?

　　Upholding and perfecting the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity are major issues related to the prosperity of the party and the country, the long-term stability of the country, and the happiness and well-being of the people.

　　Question 2: Why use a plenary session to conduct research and deployment on upholding and improving the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity?

　　The decision of the CPC Central Committee to devote a plenary session to the study and deployment of this major issue is a major decision made from the political, overall and strategic perspectives, based on the present and with a long-term perspective.

　　Question 3: What is the significance of the Decision of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee?

　　The decision adopted at this plenary session comprehensively answered the major political question of what should be adhered to and consolidated, and what should be improved and developed in China’s state system and state governance system. It is a programmatic document of Marxism and a political manifesto of Marxism.

　　Q 4: Why is the system important?

　　Institutional advantage is the greatest advantage of a country, and institutional competition is the most fundamental competition among countries. A stable system leads to a stable country.

　　Question 5: What is the root cause of the 70-year achievements of New China?

　　Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China 70 years ago, the Chinese nation has made a great leap from standing up, becoming rich and becoming strong. The most fundamental reason is that the Party has led the people to establish and improve the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, formed and developed the Party’s leadership and economic, political, cultural, social, ecological, military and foreign affairs systems, and constantly strengthened and improved national governance.

　　Question 6: What are the factors that influence the choice of national system and national governance system?

　　What kind of national system and governance system a country chooses is determined by its historical culture, social nature and economic development level.

　　Question 7: How did Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system and national governance system come about?

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system and national governance system did not fall from the sky, but grew up in the social soil of China. They were formed through the long-term practice of revolution, construction and reform, the product of the combination of the basic principles of Marxism with China’s concrete reality, the result of the unity of theoretical innovation, practical innovation and institutional innovation, and the wisdom of the party and the people, with profound historical logic, theoretical logic and practical logic.

　　Question 8: What are the rich ideas about state system and state governance in Chinese history?

　　During thousands of years’ historical evolution, the Chinese nation has created splendid ancient civilization and formed rich thoughts on the national system and governance, including the great ideal of "Great Harmony", the unified tradition of "Six in One Wind, Four in One World", the idea of "ruling by virtue while punishing by virtue", the people-oriented thought of "valuing the people while caring for the people by politics", and the equal concept of "equality between the rich and the poor, making up for the losses". The moral ethics of filial piety, loyalty, courtesy, honesty and shame, the standard of appointing people on merit, selecting talents and ability, the reform spirit of Zhou’s old country and his life reform, the diplomatic way of being kind to neighbors and harmonizing all nations, the peace concept of valuing peace and fighting will die, and so on.

　　Question 9: What is the relationship between these rich ideas and Marxism?

　　The essence of these thoughts is an important part of Chinese excellent traditional culture and an important part of Chinese national spirit. After the introduction of Marxism into China, the idea of scientific socialism was warmly welcomed by the people of China, and finally took root in China, blossoming and bearing fruit. It was by no means accidental, but it was integrated with the excellent history and culture passed down by our country for thousands of years and the values that the broad masses of people did not realize every day.

　　Marx had a keen observation on the revolutionary slogan with socialist factors put forward by the peasant uprising in ancient China. He said, "China’s socialism is to European socialism, perhaps just like China’s philosophy and Hegel’s philosophy".

　　Question 10: Where is the advanced state system and state governance system in China’s history?

　　China has been in a leading position in the history of human development for a long time. Since ancient times, it has gradually formed a set of national systems and national governance systems, including the imperial court system, county system, land system, tax system, imperial examination system, supervision system and military system, which have been learned and imitated by neighboring countries and nations.

　　Question 11: What happened to China’s state system and state governance system after entering modern times?

　　After entering modern times, the feudal rule was decadent and incompetent, and imperialist powers invaded, which led to China gradually becoming a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the autocratic monarchy that ruled China for thousands of years fell into a comprehensive crisis.

　　Question 12: What attempts has China made in the national system and governance system since modern times?

　　Faced with the deepening political crisis and national crisis, countless people with lofty ideals began to explore new national systems and national governance systems in order to change the future and destiny of China, and tried various institutional models such as constitutional monarchy, parliamentary system, multi-party system and presidential system, but all ended in failure.

　　Question 13: How did the people of China and the Chinese nation embark on the right path?

　　Only after the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC) did the people of China and the Chinese nation find the right way to achieve national independence, people’s liberation, national prosperity and people’s happiness.

　　During the period of the new-democratic revolution, our party United and led the people to create people’s political power in the base areas, explored the establishment of new-democratic economic, political and cultural systems, and accumulated valuable experience for the establishment of a new state system in which the people were the masters of the country.

　　After seizing the national political power, our party United and led the people to formulate the Common Program and the 1954 Constitution, defined the state system, regime and state structure, and established the organizational system of state power. Our party then united and led the people in socialist transformation, established the basic socialist system, successfully realized the deepest and greatest social change in the history of China, and laid the fundamental political premise and institutional foundation for all development and progress in contemporary China.

　　Since the reform and opening-up, our party has united and led the people to create Socialism with Chinese characteristics, constantly improving the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and the national governance system, and making contemporary China glow with unprecedented vitality.

　　Question 14: How to evaluate and position Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system and national governance system?

　　Generally speaking, the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and the national governance system are guided by Marxism, rooted in the land of China, with profound Chinese cultural roots and won the support of the people. They are the fundamental achievements made by the party and the people through long-term struggle, relay exploration, hardships and huge costs. We must cherish them, unswervingly adhere to them and keep pace with the times.

　　Question 15: How to understand the development achievements and remarkable advantages of China’s national system and national governance system?

　　The plenary session systematically summarizes the development achievements and remarkable advantages of China’s national system and national governance system, with the aim of promoting the firm institutional self-confidence of the whole party and people of all ethnic groups, so that the remarkable advantages of China’s national system and national governance system in many aspects can be brought into full play.

　　Maintaining and constantly enhancing these advantages for a long time is the direction of our efforts to uphold and improve the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity in the new era.

　　Question 16: What are the criteria for evaluating whether a system is good or not?

　　To see whether a system is good or not, we should judge and grasp it from the political and general aspects.

　　Comrade Deng Xiaoping said in the Reform of the Leadership System of the Party and the State in 1980, "We should catch up with the developed capitalist countries economically, create higher and more practical democracy than the capitalist countries politically, and train more and better talents than these countries", "Whether the various systems of the Party and the State are good or not, whether they are perfect or not, must be tested by whether they are conducive to the realization of these three principles".

　　In 2014, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out at the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the National People’s Congress: "To evaluate whether a country’s political system is democratic and effective depends mainly on whether the national leadership can be replaced in an orderly manner according to law, whether all the people can manage state affairs and social affairs, manage economic and cultural undertakings according to law, whether the people can express their interests smoothly, and whether all sectors of society can effectively participate in the political life of the country. Whether national decision-making can be scientific and democratic, whether all talents can enter the national leadership and management system through fair competition, whether the ruling party can achieve leadership over state affairs in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and laws, and whether the use of power can be effectively restricted and supervised. "

　　Question 17: What are the important reasons why China’s national system and national governance system have obvious advantages?

　　The reason why China’s state system and state governance system have obvious advantages in many aspects is that in the long-term practice and exploration, our party insists on combining the basic principles of Marxism with the specific reality of China, organically unifying the development of the correct road, scientific theory and effective system, and guiding the construction of state system and state governance system with China-oriented Marxism and developing Marxism. We should deepen our understanding of communist party’s laws of governance, socialist construction and the development of human society, and turn successful practical experience into institutional achievements in time, so that China’s national system and national governance system not only embody the basic principles of scientific socialism, but also have distinctive China characteristics, national characteristics and characteristics of the times.

　　Question 18: What are the essential attributes of China’s national system and national governance system?

　　Always representing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, ensuring that the people are masters of the country, embodying the common will of the people and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the people are the essential attributes of China’s national system and national governance system, and are also the basis for their effective operation and vitality.

　　China’s national system and national governance system always focus on realizing, safeguarding and developing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, and strive to safeguard and improve people’s livelihood, so that the fruits of reform and development can benefit all the people more fairly, thus effectively avoiding the phenomena of party disputes, favoritism of interest groups, manipulation of a few political "elites" and so on, which is unparalleled in its advanced nature.

　　Question 19: How to treat other countries’ national governance experience?

　　We have never rejected any experience of other countries’ national governance that is beneficial to China’s development and progress. Instead, we insist on taking me as the mainstay and making use of it, removing its dross and taking its essence.

　　For example, during the period of socialist construction, China’s state system and state governance system borrowed and absorbed many useful experiences from the Soviet Union. Since the reform and opening-up, we have been opening wider to the outside world, organically combining the socialist system with the market economy, giving full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources, and giving better play to the role of the government, greatly liberating and developing social productive forces and greatly liberating and enhancing social vitality.

　　Question 20: Where is the strong self-improvement ability of China’s national system and national governance system?

　　A big difference between scientific socialism and utopian socialism lies in that it is not an unchangeable dogma, but regards socialism as a practical process of continuous improvement and development.

　　More than 40 years of reform and opening-up have strongly promoted Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system and national governance system to become mature in the process of eliminating the shortcomings of institutional mechanisms. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have comprehensively deepened reforms, fully demonstrating the strong self-improvement ability of China’s national system and national governance system.

　　It can be expected that with the deepening of comprehensive reform, China’s national system and national governance system will surely win greater comparative advantages in international competition and show greater vitality.

　　Question 21: How to judge whether a national system and national governance system are effective?

　　Whether China’s national system and national governance system work or not, practice is the best touchstone.

　　Question 22: In the 70 years since the founding of New China, what two miracles have our party led the people to create?

　　In the 70 years since the founding of New China, our party has led the people to create two wonders that are rare in the world.

　　First, the miracle of rapid economic development. China has made great strides to catch up with the times. It took decades to complete the industrialization process that developed countries have gone through for hundreds of years, and it has become the second largest economy in the world. Its comprehensive national strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength, cultural influence and international influence have been significantly improved, people’s lives have been significantly improved, and the Chinese nation has stood in the east of the world with a brand-new attitude.

　　The second is the miracle of long-term social stability. China has maintained social harmony and stability for a long time, and its people live and work in peace and contentment, and has become one of the most secure countries recognized by the international community.

　　Question 23: On which major political issue does the General Secretary emphasize the need for determination and determination?

　　The shoes don’t fit, only the wearer knows. The people of China know best and have the most say in whether the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system is good or not. We must be determined and opinionated on this major political issue, and we must never lose our ideas and lose our footing.

　　Question 24: How to be a wise man politically?

　　It is very important for all comrades in the Party, especially leading cadres at all levels, to be politically savvy, that is, at all times and under all circumstances, we should be firm in Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s road confidence, theoretical confidence, institutional confidence and cultural confidence, and truly "persevere despite all hardships".

　　Question 25: What aspects should we focus on to implement the spirit of the plenary session?

　　We should do three things well, one is to persist and consolidate, the other is to improve and develop, and the third is to abide by and implement.

　　Question 26: How to understand that the party’s leadership system is the fundamental leadership system in China?

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics system is a strict and complete scientific system, and the fundamental system, basic system and important system play an important role, among which the party’s leadership system plays a leading role. The party’s leadership system is the fundamental leadership system in China.

　　Question 27: What is the most valuable experience of the Party in leading the people in revolution, construction and reform?

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have clearly put forward that "the most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, the greatest advantage of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, and the Party is the highest political leadership".

　　This plenary session emphasized that "we must adhere to the party, government, military and civilian studies, the East, the West, the North and the South, and the Party is in charge of everything, resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Central Committee, improve the system of the Party’s leadership that takes the overall situation into account and coordinates all parties, and implement the Party’s leadership in all fields and aspects of state governance."

　　This is the most valuable experience for the Party to lead the people in revolution, construction and reform.

　　Question 28: How to uphold and consolidate the Party’s leadership system?

　　We must uphold the Party’s leadership and consciously implement the Party’s fundamental requirement of commanding the overall situation and coordinating all parties in promoting the system construction in all aspects, promoting the development of all undertakings, and strengthening and improving all aspects of work.

　　Question 29: What new generalizations have been made by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee in terms of fundamental system, basic system and important system?

　　This plenary session summed up practical experience and made some new generalizations on the basis of the fundamental system, basic system and important system that our party has defined.

　　For example, the socialist basic economic system is defined as "the socialist basic economic system with public ownership as the main body, multiple ownership economies developing together, distribution according to work as the main body and multiple modes of distribution coexisting, and the socialist market economic system", and it is clearly stated that "the fundamental system that adheres to the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field", It also further expounds the rule of law system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, the administrative system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, the system of prospering and developing advanced socialist culture, the people’s livelihood security system of coordinating urban and rural areas, the social governance system of co-construction, co-governance and sharing, the system of ecological civilization system, the party’s absolute leadership system over the people’s army, the system of "one country, two systems" and the supervision system of the party and the state.

　　Question 30: What are the basic requirements for upholding and consolidating the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system?

　　Whether we work out development plans, promote the rule of law, formulate policies and measures, or deploy various tasks, we must follow these systems without any deviation.

　　When we say that leading cadres, especially senior cadres, should enhance their political acumen, political discernment and political ability, it is very important to unswervingly adhere to these systems, and consciously set standards against the table when thinking about problems, making decisions and implementing them.

　　When it comes to directional issues, we must take these systems as the sights. Issues concerning right and wrong at the institutional level must be clear-cut and firm, and there can be no ambiguity.

　　The key for Party committees (party groups) at all levels to play a leading and checking role is to see whether the localities, departments and units under their leadership have implemented and implemented these systems in all their work. If it is really implemented and implemented, there will be no problems in the direction and no problems in politics.

　　Question 31: Why should Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system and national governance system be improved and developed continuously?

　　With Socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era, China’s development is in a new historical position. The main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. China’s national governance is facing many new tasks and new requirements, which inevitably requires the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and the national governance system to be more perfect and constantly developed.

　　Question 32: Why can’t the construction of national system and national governance system be too idealistic and eager for success, and can’t be blindly complacent and complacent?

　　It is a dynamic process that the system is more mature and stereotyped, and the modernization of governance capacity is also a dynamic process, which cannot be achieved overnight or once and for all. Our goal of building a national system and a national governance system must keep pace with the times with the development of practice. We should not be too idealistic and eager to achieve success, nor should we be blindly complacent and complacent.

　　Question 33: Why do you say that the goals and tasks put forward at this plenary session are clearly problem-oriented?

　　In Song Dynasty, Su Shi said in "The Theory of Thought and Governance": "It is extremely difficult to make it, but it is far away." It means to attack the most difficult places and pursue the most ambitious goals. Many of the goals and tasks put forward by this plenary session are gaps and weaknesses in the construction of China’s national system and national governance system, which have a clear problem orientation.

　　In practical work, we must stick to and improve the fundamental system, basic system and important system that supports Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system, focus on consolidating the foundation, promoting advantages, supplementing shortcomings and strong and weak items, and build a systematic, scientific and standardized and effective system.

　　Question 34: Why should we emphasize the formation of an effective working mechanism with integrated promotion and implementation?

　　To implement the spirit of the plenary session, we must closely combine the various reform tasks that have been deployed and form an effective working mechanism that is promoted and implemented as one.

　　It is necessary to check and sort out the completion of the previous reform tasks, consolidate and deepen those that have been completed, and continue to advance those that have not been completed. It is also necessary to put the tasks deployed by this plenary session into the work schedule in time to achieve organic convergence and integration and ensure solid results.

　　Question 35: How to give full play to the enthusiasm of the central and local authorities in institutional innovation and governance capacity building?

　　Party committees (party groups) at all levels should, under the unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, closely combine the actual situation of their own departments and units in the region, promote institutional innovation and governance capacity building, and pay close attention to the research and deployment of the systems urgently needed by the CPC Central Committee for national governance and the systems necessary to meet people’s new expectations for a better life.

　　It is necessary to encourage grassroots units to boldly innovate and explore, summarize and refine the effective governance concepts, governance methods and governance means created by grassroots units in a timely manner, and constantly promote the improvement and development of various systems.

　　What needs to be emphasized is that all localities, departments and units should not only be proactive in institutional innovation and governance capacity building, but also follow the unified arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the provisions of the national legal system. We must not stress regulation, obey the rules and regulations, and we must not act rashly. The key is to implement the objectives and tasks set by the plenary session.

　　Question 36: What bad phenomena did the General Secretary criticize in the implementation of the system?

　　Some people lack respect for the system, do not act according to the system at all, and even change the system at will; Some people do everything possible to exploit the loopholes in the system and play the edge ball; Some people are afraid and unwilling to abide by the system, and even try their best to avoid the supervision of the system, and so on. Therefore, we must strengthen the implementation of the system and strengthen the supervision of the implementation of the system.

　　Question 37: What requirements does the General Secretary put forward for Party committees and governments at all levels and leading cadres at all levels to strictly abide by and implement the system?

　　Party committees and governments at all levels and leading cadres at all levels should earnestly strengthen the awareness of the system, take the lead in maintaining the authority of the system, set an example in the implementation of the system, ensure that the major decision-making arrangements and major work arrangements of the party and the state are implemented in accordance with the requirements of the system, effectively prevent the occurrence of problems such as fragmentation, different standards, leniency and severity, and give full play to the important role of the system in guiding direction, standardizing behavior, improving efficiency, maintaining stability and preventing risks.

　　It is necessary to build a full-coverage system implementation supervision mechanism, run the system implementation and supervision through the whole process of regional governance, departmental governance, industry governance, grass-roots governance and unit governance, resolutely put an end to the phenomenon of making choices, making changes and discounting in system implementation, and seriously investigate and deal with acts that are forbidden, and that are contrary to the sun, so as to ensure that the system is always powerful and effective everywhere.

　　It is necessary to take improving governance capacity as a major task in the construction of cadres in the new era, guide the broad masses of cadres to improve their entrepreneurial ability by using the system, and perform their duties, exercise their powers and carry out their work in strict accordance with the system.

　　Question 38: How to carry out publicity and education on Socialism with Chinese characteristics system?

　　Party organizations at all levels, especially the propaganda department of the Party Committee, should organize publicity and education on the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, guide the whole party and society to fully understand the essential characteristics and advantages of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, and fully understand that the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and the national governance system have been hard-won after long-term practice and must be cherished;

　　To improve and develop China’s national system and national governance system, we must proceed from the national conditions and reality, grasp the long-term historical heritage, and grasp the road, accumulated experience and formation principles of the party and the people in China’s national system construction and national governance, and cannot copy the institutional models of other countries.

　　It is necessary to carry out institutional self-confidence education throughout the whole process of national education and sow the seeds of institutional self-confidence into the hearts of young people. It is necessary to actively innovate the discourse system, enhance the communication ability, tell the story of China system to the domestic and overseas, and constantly enhance the persuasiveness and appeal of China’s national system and national governance system.

　　Question 39: How should party committees (party groups) at all levels publicize the spirit of the plenary session?

　　Party committees (party groups) at all levels should, in accordance with the arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, carefully organize the lectures on the spirit of the plenary session, and make targeted publicity and education for the broad masses of cadres and masses to ensure that the spirit of the plenary session is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

　　Question 40: How to strengthen the supervision and inspection of the implementation of the spirit of the plenary session?

　　Relevant central authorities should keep abreast of the progress of relevant work in various regions and departments and report to the CPC Central Committee in due course. We should pay attention to summing up the good practices and experiences of all localities and departments in implementing the spirit of the plenary session. The Central Committee for Deep Reform should co-ordinate the implementation of various reform tasks deployed by this plenary session.