Did you recite the Book of Songs wrong for so many years？ The truth is …

　　Beijing, Sept. 24 (Reporter Shangguan Yun) "The Book of Songs, may we be wrong?" A few days ago, with the publication of the first phase research results of bamboo slips of Warring States collected by Anhui University (hereinafter referred to as "An Da Jian"), some people raised such questions. The reason is that, for example, the words "My Fair Lady, Gentleman", "My Fair Lady" and "An Dajian" are actually "Yaozhai".

　　However, Li Shan, a professor at the College of Literature of Beijing Normal University, pointed out that from the published results, only some foreign languages have been discovered, and further rigorous academic research is still needed. People feel that they are wrong about the Book of Songs.

　　The Book of Songs has been handed down from generation to generation.

　　The Book of Songs is the beginning of China’s ancient poetry. There are 311 poems collected from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, among which 6 poems are "Sheng poems", that is, only titles have no content.

The Book of Songs (a complete translation of Chinese classics), published by Zhonghua Book Company.

　　Most of the authors of The Book of Songs can’t be verified. According to legend, it was collected by Yin Jifu and compiled by Confucius. In the pre-Qin period, The Book of Songs was called The Book of Songs, or The Three Hundred Poems. In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, and it was originally called The Book of Songs, which has been used ever since.

　　When Confucius talked about the Book of Songs, he once said, "In a word, Yue ‘ Think innocently ’ " . In fact, the Book of Songs is very rich in content, including labor and love, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and banquets, and even astronomical phenomena and landforms. It is a mirror of social life in the Zhou Dynasty.

　　In the process of spreading, due to various reasons, the Book of Songs did not restore the so-called "four poems" of Qi, Lu, Han and Mao until the early Han Dynasty. Li Shan introduced that the Book of Songs, which is now popular in the world, is actually a "Mao poem" handed down from the Han Dynasty.

　　"Gentle and graceful" was originally "to be embarrassed"?

　　Due to the important position of The Book of Songs, on the 22nd, after the publication of the research results of the first phase of "An Da Jian" related to it, it quickly attracted attention.

　　For example, there is an article called "The Wall has its own rules" in the Book of Songs. In the past, it was said that "Zhong Yi’s words are beyond words", and scholars have different views on the meaning of "Zhong Yi". The written form of the word "An Da Jian" is also found in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. The academic research shows that this word means night, and the interpretation of "night" is quite acceptable in poetry.

　　Xu Zaiguo, director of the Chinese Character Development and Application Research Center of Anhui University, said that the most valuable thing about An Da Jian and The Book of Songs is its rich materials in different languages, such as Guan Luo, the first article in the Book of Songs, "My Fair Lady, My Gentleman", which is almost a household name. Scholars have different opinions on the meaning of "gentle and graceful". "An Dajian" is actually a "waist" and a "waist lady" is a well-proportioned and beautiful woman.

Data Map: On September 22nd, Anhui University collected bamboo slips of the Warring States Period ("An Da Jian").

　　The first phase of research results was released in Hefei, Anhui Province: An Da Bamboo Slip is another important discovery of rare documents in pre-Qin period after Guodian Bamboo Slips, Shangbo Bamboo Slips and Qinghua Bamboo Slips. The Book of Songs recorded in this bamboo slip is the earliest ancient copy with the largest number of poems, and it is also a relatively primitive book that has not been changed by future generations. China News Agency issued Cai Lili photo

　　In addition, in this edition of Shuoshu, people used to think that Shuoshu was a big mouse, but the meaning in the simplified edition is "stone mouse", which is pronounced as "rat", that is, insect mole. This is not consistent with previous understanding.

　　The Origin of An Da Jian and The Book of Songs

　　According to reports, in January 2015, Anhui University rescued a number of precious bamboo slips from overseas, which were copied by different people with diverse styles and clear handwriting. The content includes a variety of ancient books, including the Book of Songs, Chu history, Confucius quotations, etc., many of which are never seen before.

　　There are 117 numbered "An Da Jian" and "The Book of Songs", and 93 bamboo slips are kept. The complete Jane is about 48.5 cm long and 0.6 cm wide. Three ropes are braided, and each Jane writes at least 27 words and at most 35 words. More importantly, the scattered bamboo slips are numbered by themselves, which avoids the tedious compilation.

　　Among them, There are 58 poems in An Da Jian and The Book of Songs, the contents of which belong to Guo Feng, which can be found in today’s Mao poems Nan Zhou, Zhaonan, Qin Feng, Hou Feng, Yan Feng and Wei Feng.

　　Some experts believe that "An Da Jian" is another important discovery of rare documents in pre-Qin period after "Guodian Jian", "Shangbo Jian" and "Qinghua Jian".

　　Did you recite the Book of Songs wrong? may not

　　Because of the significance and value of The Book of Songs, when some differences between The Book of Songs and An Da Jian were announced, some people teased that it might be wrong to recite the Book of Songs for so many years.

　　However, in Li Shan’s view, this statement is somewhat exaggerated. He believes that "An Da Jian" and "The Book of Songs" are valuable, mainly in words, and those different languages are also of positive significance to the textual research and interpretation of ancient Chinese characters. At the same time, however, it is said that some problems need to continue serious and rigorous academic research.

　　He cited, for example, the appearance of bells, drums and harps in Guanju, which actually talked about a marriage ceremony, not a love poem as previously thought. If "Yaozhai" is simply interpreted as a well-proportioned figure, it may not be comprehensive. "In the context of the ceremony, use ‘ Gentle and graceful ’ It is better to praise the bride’s outstanding temperament than to simply describe her beautiful figure. "

　　"In addition, ‘ Stone rat ’ Read as ‘ Squirrel ’ May not be accurate. The bronze mirror of the Han Dynasty is engraved with Wei Feng Shuo Ren, which is called ‘ Stone man ’ It is very common for the ancients to replace one word with half a word in bamboo slips, which cannot be explained so simply. " Li Shan believes that "shuoshu" should refer to the big mouse.

　　Li Shan mentioned that there was no advanced printing technology in ancient times, and there may be word errors in the process of copying ancient books, such as phonetic agreement and close words, which is objective.

　　"In ‘ An Dajian ’ In The Book of Songs, Hou Feng is the key one, which may involve the sorting of articles in the Book of Songs during its circulation and needs to be carefully studied. " Li Shan explained.

　　Based on the above reasons, Li Shan said that there are no more chapters in the published "An Da Jian" and "The Book of Songs" than today’s book of songs, or we haven’t seen any chapters. We should attach great importance to the differences in words, but we don’t have to worry about "reciting wrong".